Editing W. E. B. Du Bois (section)

===Niagara Movement===
{{main|Niagara Movement}}

[[File:Niagara movement meeting in Fort Erie, Canada, 1905.jpg|upright|thumb|alt=A dozen African American men seated with Niagara Falls in the background|right|Founders of the [[Niagara Movement]] in 1905. Du Bois is in the middle row, with white hat.]]

In 1905, Du Bois and several other African-American civil rights activists&nbsp;– including [[Fredrick McGhee]], [[Max Barber]] and [[William Monroe Trotter]] – met in Canada, near [[Niagara Falls]],<ref>{{Harvnb|Lewis|2009|pp=215–216}}.</ref> where they wrote a declaration of principles opposing the Atlanta Compromise, and which were incorporated as the [[Niagara Movement]] in 1906.<ref>{{cite journal |title=The Niagara Movement |first=W.E.B. |last=DuBois |authorlink=W.E.B. DuBois |journal=[[Voice of the Negro]] |series=Negro periodicals in the United States |date=September 1905 |pages=619–622 |url=https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=uva.x000492470&view=2up&seq=627&size=150&q1=Dubois}}</ref> They wanted to publicize their ideals to other African Americans, but most black periodicals were owned by publishers sympathetic to Washington, so Du Bois bought a printing press and started publishing ''Moon Illustrated Weekly'' in December 1905.<ref>{{Harvnb|Lewis|2009|pp=218–219}}.</ref> It was the first African-American illustrated weekly, and Du Bois used it to attack Washington's positions, but the magazine lasted only for about eight months.<ref name="Lewis220">Lewis, p. 220.</ref> Du Bois soon founded and edited another vehicle for his polemics, ''[[The Horizon: A Journal of the Color Line]]'', which debuted in 1907. [[Freeman H. M. Murray]] and [[Lafayette M. Hershaw]] served as ''The Horizon'''s co-editors.<ref>{{Harvnb|Lewis|2009|pp=227–228}}. ''The Horizon'' lasted until 1910 when he developed ''The Crisis'' for publication as an instrument of the NAACP.</ref>

The Niagarites held a second conference in August 1906, in celebration of the 100th anniversary of abolitionist [[John Brown (abolitionist)|John Brown]]'s birth, at the West Virginia site of Brown's [[John Brown's raid on Harpers Ferry|raid on Harper's Ferry]].<ref name="Lewis220"/> [[Reverdy C. Ransom]] spoke, explaining that Washington's primary goal was to prepare blacks for employment in their current society: "Today, two classes of Negroes ...are standing at the parting of the ways. The one counsels patient submission to our present humiliations and degradations ... The other class believe that it should not submit to being humiliated, degraded, and remanded to an inferior place. ...[I]t does not believe in bartering its manhood for the sake of gain."<ref>Ransom, quoted by {{Harvnb|Lewis|2009|pp=222}}.</ref>