Editing Veganism (section)

==Definition==
Distinctions may be made between several categories of veganism. Dietary vegans, also known as "strict [[vegetarian]]s", refrain from consuming [[meat]], [[Egg (food)|eggs]], [[dairy product]]s, and any other animal-derived substances.{{efn|name=ethicaldietary|[[Laura Wright (academic)|Laura Wright]] (''The Vegan Studies Project'', 2015): "[The Vegan Society] definition simplifies the concept of veganism in that it assumes that all vegans choose to be vegan for ethical reasons, which may be the case for the majority, but there are other reasons, including health and religious mandates, people choose to be vegan. Veganism exists as a dietary and lifestyle choice with regard to what one consumes, but making this choice also constitutes participation in the identity category of 'vegan'."<ref>[[Laura Wright (academic)|Laura Wright]], ''The Vegan Studies Project: Food, Animals, and Gender in the Age of Terror'', University of Georgia Press, 2015, 2. {{ISBN|978-0-8203-4856-8}}</ref>{{pb}}
Brenda Davis, [[Vesanto Melina]] (''Becoming Vegan'', 2013): "There are degrees of veganism. A ''pure vegetarian'' or ''dietary vegan'' is someone who consumes a vegan diet but doesn't lead a vegan lifestyle. Pure vegetarians may use animal products, support the use of animals in research, wear leather clothing, or have no objection to the exploitation of animals for entertainment. They are mostly motivated by personal health concerns rather than by ethical objections. Some may adopt a more vegan lifestyle as they are exposed to vegan philosophy."<ref>Brenda Davis, Vesanto Melina, ''Becoming Vegan: Express Edition'', Summertown: Book Publishing Company, 2013, 3. {{ISBN|978-1-4596-9625-9}}</ref>{{pb}}
Laura H. Kahn, Michael S. Bruner ("Politics on Your Plate", 2012): "A vegetarian is a person who abstains from eating NHA [non-human animal] flesh of any kind. A vegan goes further, abstaining from eating anything made from NHA. Thus, a vegan does not consume eggs and dairy foods. Going beyond dietary veganism, 'lifestyle' vegans also refrain from using leather, wool or any NHA-derived ingredient."<ref>Laura H. Kahn, Michael S. Bruner, "Politics on Your Plate: Building and Burning Bridges across Organics, Vegetarian, and Vegan Discourse", in Joshua Frye (ed.), ''The Rhetoric of Food: Discourse, Materiality, and Power'', Routledge, 2012, 46. {{ISBN|978-0-203-11345-5}}</ref>{{pb}}
Vegetarian and vegan diets may be referred to as ''plant-based'' and vegan diets as ''entirely plant-based''.<ref>{{cite journal|pmc=3662288|year=2013|last1=Tuso|first1=P. J.|title=Nutritional Update for Physicians: Plant-Based Diets|journal=The Permanente Journal|volume=17|issue=2|pages=61–66|last2=Ismail|first2=M. H.|last3=Ha|first3=B. P.|last4=Bartolotto|first4=C|doi=10.7812/TPP/12-085|pmid=23704846}}</ref>}} An "[[ethical vegan]]" is someone who not only excludes animal products from their diet but also tries to avoid using animals,<ref>{{cite web |url=https://ethicalveganeducation.com/ethical-veganism/|title=Ethical Veganism|author=<!--Not stated-->|date=2020-01-27|website=Ethical Vegan Education|publisher=Generate Press|access-date=2023-03-30|quote=Therefore, Ethical Veganism, the Animal Rights position, is based on these two simple ideas: Using animals is not acceptable. How we treat them is irrelevant.}}</ref> animal products,{{efn|[[Gary Francione]] (''The Animal Rights Debate'', 2010): "Although veganism may represent a matter of diet or lifestyle for some, ethical veganism is a profound moral and political commitment to abolition on the individual level and extends not only to matters of food but also to the wearing or using of animal products."<ref name="Francione2010">{{Cite book|last1=Francione|first1=Gary Lawrence|author-link1=Gary Francione|last2=Garner|first2=Robert|author-link2=Robert Garner|chapter=The Abolition of Animal Exploitation|title=The Animal Rights Debate: Abolition Or Regulation?|chapter-url=https://cup.columbia.edu/book/the-animal-rights-debate/9780231149556|url-status=dead|type=Paperback|series=Critical Perspectives on Animals: Theory, Culture, Science, and Law|publisher=[[Columbia University Press]]|location=New York|publication-date=26 October 2010|isbn=978-0-231-14955-6|oclc=705765194|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180420174910/https://cup.columbia.edu/book/the-animal-rights-debate/9780231149556|archive-date=20 April 2018|access-date=20 April 2018|year=2010}}</ref>{{rp|62}}{{pb}} This terminology is controversial within the vegan community. While some vegan leaders, such as [[Karen Dawn]], endorse efforts to avoid animal consumption for any reason; others, including Francione, believe that veganism must be part of a [[holistic]] ethical and political movement in order to support animal liberation. Accordingly, the latter group rejects the label "dietary vegan", referring instead to "strict vegetarians", "pure vegetarians", or followers of a plant-based diet.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Greenebaum |first1=Jessica |title=Veganism, Identity and the Quest for Authenticity |journal=Food, Culture & Society |date=29 April 2015 |volume=15 |issue=1 |pages=129–144 |doi=10.2752/175174412x13190510222101 |s2cid=145011543 }}</ref>}} and animal-tested products,<ref>{{cite web |url=https://canveganseat.com/is-impossible-burger-vegan/ |title=Is Impossible Burger Vegan? Can Vegans Eat Impossible Burger?|author=B., Daniel |date=2022-03-21 |website=Can Vegans Eat |access-date=2023-03-25 |quote=Soy leghemoglobin does sound like good news because it is as vegan as a meat-flavored plant-based ingredient can get. Unfortunately, this same ingredient will strip Impossible Burger of its vegan status. It appears that Impossible Foods performed tests on rats to make sure that the Impossible Burger is safe for human consumption.}}</ref> when practical.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Jenni|date=May 2022 |title=Can Vegans Drive Cars?
 |url=https://www.chooseveganism.org/vegan-cars/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230207145831/https://www.chooseveganism.org/vegan-cars/ |archive-date=7 February 2023 |access-date=7 February 2023 |publisher=Choose Veganism |quote=Sorry to break it to you, but it's impossible to buy a car that is 100% vegan. However, as it's often not practical for many people to avoid having a car in today's society, vegans who need to drive a car should look for the most vegan-friendly car options.}}</ref> Another term is "[[environmental veganism]]", which refers to the avoidance of animal products on the grounds that the [[Intensive animal farming|industrial farming of animals]] is [[Environmental impacts of animal agriculture|environmentally damaging]] and [[unsustainable]].<ref name=environmental>{{Cite interview|last=Watson|first=Paul|subject-link=Paul Watson|interviewer=Michael Shapiro|title=Sea Shepherd's Paul Watson: 'You don't watch whales die and hold signs and do nothing'|url=https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2010/sep/21/sea-shepherd-paul-watson-whales|work=[[The Guardian]]|date=21 September 2010|access-date=1 March 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180301181850/https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2010/sep/21/sea-shepherd-paul-watson-whales|archive-date=1 March 2018|url-status=live|quote=Stop eating the ocean. Don't eat anything out of the ocean – there is no such thing as a sustainable fishery. If people eat meat, make sure it's organic and isn't contributing to the destruction of the ocean because 40 percent of all the fish that's caught out of the ocean is fed to livestock – chickens on factory farms are fed fish meal. And be cognizant of the fact that if the oceans die, we die. Therefore our ultimate responsibility is to protect biodiversity in our world's oceans.}}{{pb}}
Matthew Cole, "Veganism", in Margaret Puskar-Pasewicz (ed.), ''Cultural Encyclopedia of Vegetarianism'', ABC-Clio, 2010 (239–241), [https://books.google.com/books?id=3-braqoek0AC&pg=PA241 241].</ref> Another motivation for veganism is concern about [[animal welfare]].

Since 1988, The Vegan Society gives two definitions of veganism:

{{Blockquote|text=Veganism is a philosophy and way of living which seeks to exclude—as far as is possible and practicable—all forms of exploitation of, and cruelty to, animals for food, clothing or any other purpose; and by extension, promotes the development and use of animal-free alternatives for the benefit of animals, humans and the environment. In dietary terms it denotes the practice of dispensing with all products derived wholly or partly from animals.|author=The Vegan Society|title=Definition of veganism|source=https://www.vegansociety.com/go-vegan/definition-veganism}}

The first definition by The Vegan Society is accepted among ethical and environmental vegans and the second definition by The Vegan Society is accepted among dietary vegans.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=North |first1=Madelon |last2=Kothe |first2=Emily |last3=Klas |first3=Anna |last4=Ling |first4=Mathew |date=2021-10-01 |title=How to define 'Vegan': An exploratory study of definition preferences among omnivores, vegetarians, and vegans |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0950329321001294 |journal=Food Quality and Preference |volume=93 |pages=104246 |doi=10.1016/j.foodqual.2021.104246 |issn=0950-3293}}</ref>

The [[European Commission]] was granted the power to adopt an [[implementing act]] on food information related to suitability of a food for vegans by the [[European Parliament]] and the [[Council of the European Union]] in article 36 of [[Regulation (EU) No 1169/2011]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2011/1169/oj |title=Regulation (EU) No 1169/2011 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 25 October 2011 on the provision of food information to consumers |author=<!--Not stated--> |date=2011-11-22 |website=EUR-Lex |publisher=Official Journal of the European Union |access-date=2021-04-08}}</ref> The German consumer protection minister conference approved a definition for food suitable for vegans on 22 April 2016.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.verbraucherschutzministerkonferenz.de/VSMK-Dokumente.html |title=Definitionen sowie Gründe und Ziele der Definitionen 'vegan' und 'vegetarisch{{'-}} |trans-title=Definitions as well as reasons and objectives of the definitions 'vegan' and 'vegetarian' |author=<!--Not stated--> |date=2016-04-22 |publisher=Thüringer Ministerium für Migration, Justiz und Verbraucherschutz |language=de |access-date=2022-03-20}}</ref> The [[European Vegetarian Union]] adopted this text for a proposal for a legally binding definition based on Regulation (EU) No 1169/2011 in July 2019.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.euroveg.eu/vegan-and-vegetarian-definitions/ |title=Vegan and Vegetarian Definitions |author=<!--Not stated--> |date=July 2019 |publisher=European Vegetarian Union e.V. |access-date=2022-03-20}}</ref>

In 2021, the [[International Organization for Standardization]] published standard ISO 23662 on "definitions and technical criteria for foods and food ingredients suitable for vegetarians or vegans and for labelling and claims".<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.iso.org/standard/76574.html |title=ISO 23662:2021 |author=<!--Not stated--> |date=2021-03-09 |publisher=ISO |access-date=2022-03-20}}</ref> ISO 23662 was rejected by [[Nederlandse Vereniging voor Veganisme]] who found the standard inconsistent with their vision.<ref>{{Cite web |date=7 June 2020 |title=Vegan World Alliance rejects ISO-23662 |url=https://www.veganworldalliance.org/news/article/2020/06/07/vwa-iso-23662-rejection.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201001191445/https://www.veganworldalliance.org/news/article/2020/06/07/vwa-iso-23662-rejection.html |archive-date=1 October 2020 |access-date=10 February 2023 |website=Vegan World Alliance}}</ref>