Editing Vantaa (section)

===Features===
[[File:Vantaankoski2.jpg|thumb|right|Rapids of [[river Vantaa]]]]
[[File:Kuusijärvi lake in Vantaa.jpg|thumb|right|[[Kuusijärvi]] is a popular recreational area in summertime.]]
Vantaa consists mostly of lowlands cut up by [[river]]s. According to a survey done by the [[National Land Survey of Finland]] on 1 January 2022, Vantaa encompasses {{convert|{{#expr: {{Data Finland municipality/total area|Vantaa}}}}|km2}}, of which {{convert|{{#expr: {{Data Finland municipality/waters area|Vantaa}}}}|km2|abbr=on}} is water.<ref name="total_area" /> The city is mostly [[suburb]]an and [[urban area]] with some rural landscape, notably in the districts of [[Sotunki]] and [[Seutula]]. Average population density is {{convert|{{#expr: {{Data Finland municipality/population density|Vantaa}} round 2}}|PD/km2|abbr=on}}, which rises above {{convert|5000|PD/km2}} in concentrated urban districts like Myyrmäki and Tikkurila.

The [[river Vantaa]] runs through western Vantaa, and its [[tributary]] [[Keravanjoki]] runs through eastern Vantaa. In 1966, the rural municipality of Helsinki (now known as Vantaa) lost the district of [[Vuosaari]] to Helsinki proper, cutting it almost completely off from the sea.<ref>Kallaluoto, Timo: [https://web.archive.org/web/20210508045753/https://www.vantaa.fi/instancedata/prime_product_julkaisu/vantaa/embeds/vantaawwwstructure/134489_kaupsu_veromiehen_nimistotutkimus_05062017.pdf Kaupunginosa 52: Veromiehen nimistötutkimus], city of Vantaa 5 June 2017. Accessed on 12 March 2021.</ref> Up to 2008, Vantaa still reached the seashore at its southeastern corner at the [[Porvarinlahti]] bay, until the "[[Länsimäki|Västerkulla]] wedge" with its seashore was annexed into Helsinki together with part of [[Sipoo]] in 2009.<ref>Jutila, Henri: [https://www.uudenmaanliitto.fi/files/17098/Uudenmaan_alue-_ja_yhdyskuntarakennekartasto_E154-2015.pdf Uudenmaan liiton julkaisuja E 154: Uudenmaan alue- ja yhdyskuntarakennekartasto], Regional Council of Uusimaa 2015. Accessed on 12 March 2021.</ref><ref>"[https://yle.fi/uutiset/3-5755525 Vantaa luovuttaa kaistaleen Helsingin ja Sipoon väliin]", [[YLE]], 12 December 2006, updated on 30 October 2008. Accessed on 12 March 2021.</ref> Thus Vantaa formally became the second largest inland city in the [[Nordic countries]] after [[Tampere]].{{citation needed|date=September 2022}}

For its area, Vantaa has relatively few lakes. The city encompasses two natural lakes: ''Kuusijärvi'' in [[Kuninkaanmäki]] and  ''Lammaslampi'' [[Pähkinärinne]], [[Hämeenkylä]]. In addition to these, there is an [[artificial lake]], ''Silvolan tekojärvi''. Vantaa shares two lakes with [[Espoo]]: ''Odilampi'' and ''Pitkäjärvi''. Of the lakes in the [[Sipoonkorpi National Park]], [[Bisajärvi]] and most of [[Gumböle träsk]] are located in Vantaa. Ponds formed in sand pits include [[Vetokannas]], renovated into a swimming beach and the Vaaralanlammet ponds in [[Vaarala]].<ref name="kartta">[http://kartta.vantaa.fi/ kartta.vantaa.fi], city of Vantaa. Accessed on 28 May 2016.</ref>

The easternmost districts of Vantaa, [[Rajakylä]] and [[Länsimäki]], are located right next to the border to Helsinki and are connected to the Helsinki districts of [[Vesala]] and [[Mellunmäki]]. Part of the turnstile of the [[Mellunmäki metro station]] is located in Vantaa.<ref>[https://www.hel.fi/hkl/fi/metrolla/metroasemat/mellunmaki Mellunmäki], city of Helsinki. Accessed on 2 December 2020.</ref>

Vantaa exhibits frequent exposed [[granite]] [[bedrock]] ground, which is common in Finland. Resulting from erosion in the [[last glacial period]] (about 10,000 years ago), elevated surfaces often lack soil ([[superficial deposits]]), revealing bare stone unsuitable for most plant life. Other geological impacts of the last Ice Age include a series of [[esker]]s running through central Vantaa, which is one of the best sources of [[groundwater]] in the city. After the glacial period, most of the area of the current city of Vantaa was underwater except for the highest hills. As the land rose, bays stretching far inland were left behind, along with the river Vantaa, which changed its discharge from [[Mätäoja]] to Keravanjoki about two millennia ago. The bays flushed against the hills leaving shore formations still visibile today. They also formed flat deposits of clay at the bottom, which now form valleys especially along the rivers.{{citation needed|date=September 2022}}