Editing Valencian language (section)

=== Morphology ===
* The present first-person singular of verbs differs from Central Catalan.  All those forms without final -''o'' are more akin to mediaeval Catalan and contemporary Balearic Catalan.
{| class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto; text-align: center;"
|+ '''Comparison of present first-person singular with Central Catalan'''
|-
! scope="col" rowspan="3" | Stem !! scope="col" colspan="2" | Infinitive !! scope="col" colspan="5" | Present first person singular
|-
! scope="col" rowspan=2 | Catalan !! scope="col" rowspan=2 | English !! scope="col" colspan="2" | Valencian !! scope="col" colspan="2" | Central !! scope="col" rowspan="2" | English
|-
! !! scope="col" | IPA !! !! scope="col" | IPA
|-
| scope="row" | -''ar'' || {{lang|ca|parlar}} || to speak || {{lang|ca-valencia|parle}} || {{IPA|[ˈpaɾle]}} || {{lang|ca|parlo}} || {{IPA|[ˈpaɾlu]}} || I speak
|-
| scope="row" | -''re'' || {{lang|ca|batre}} || to beat || {{lang|ca-valencia|bat}} || {{IPA|[ˈbat]}} || {{lang|ca|bato}} || {{IPA|[ˈbatu]}} || I beat
|-
| scope="row" | -''er'' || {{lang|ca|témer}} || to fear || {{lang|ca-valencia|tem}} || {{IPA|[ˈtem]}} || {{lang|ca|temo}} || {{IPA|[ˈtemu]}}|| I fear
|-
| scope="row" rowspan="2" | -''ir'' || rowspan="2" | {{lang|ca|sentir}} || rowspan="2" | to feel || {{lang|ca-valencia|sent}} || {{IPA|[ˈsent]}} || rowspan="2" | {{lang|ca|sento}} || rowspan="2" | {{IPA|[ˈsentu]}}|| rowspan="2" | I feel
|-
| {{lang|ca-valencia|senc}} (col.) || {{IPA|[ˈseŋk]}}
|-
| scope="row" rowspan="2" | inchoative -''ir'' || rowspan="2" | {{lang|ca|patir}} || scope="col"rowspan="2" | to suffer || {{lang|ca-valencia|patisc}} || {{IPA|[paˈtisk]}} || rowspan="2" | {{lang|ca|pateixo}} || rowspan="2" | {{IPA|[pəˈtɛʃu]}} || rowspan="2" | I suffer
|-
| {{lang|ca-valencia|patesc}} ||{{IPA|[paˈtesk]}}
|}

* Present subjunctive is more akin to medieval Catalan and Spanish; -''ar'' infinitives end {{angle bracket|e}}, -''re'', -''er'' and -''ir'' verbs end in  {{angle bracket|a}} (in contemporary Central Catalan present subjunctive ends in {{angle bracket|i}}).
* An exclusive feature of Valencian is the [[subjunctive mood|subjunctive]] imperfect morpheme -''ra'': {{lang|ca-valencia|que ell vinguera}} ('that he might come').
* Valencian has -''i''- as theme vowel for inchoative verbs of the third conjugation; e.g. {{lang|ca-valencia|servix}} ('they serves'), like North-Western Catalan. Although, again, this cannot be generalised since there are Valencian dialects that utilise -''ei''-, e.g. {{lang|ca-valencia|serveix}}.
* In Valencian the simple past tense (e.g. {{lang|ca-valencia|cantà}} 'he sang') is more frequently used in speech than in Central Catalan, where the periphrastic past (e.g. {{lang|ca-valencia|va cantar}} 'he sang') is prevailing and the simple past mostly appears in written language. The same, however, may be said of the Balearic dialects.<ref name="badia" />
* The second-person singular of the present tense of the verb {{lang|ca-valencia|ser}} ('to be'), {{lang|ca-valencia|ets}} ('you are'), has been replaced by {{lang|ca-valencia|eres}} in colloquial speech.
* The infinitive {{lang|ca-valencia|veure}} ('to see') has the variant {{lang|ca-valencia|vore}}, which belongs to more informal and spontaneous registers.
* The usage of the periphrasis of obligation {{lang|ca-valencia|tindre}} + {{lang|ca-valencia|que}} + infinitive is widely spread in colloquial Valencian, instead of the Standard {{lang|ca-valencia|haver}} + {{lang|ca-valencia|de}} (equivalent to English "have to").

;Clitics
* In general, use of modern forms of the determinate article ({{lang|ca-valencia|[[wikt:el#Catalan|el]]}}, {{lang|ca-valencia|[[wikt:els#Catalan|els]]}} 'the') and the third-person unstressed object pronouns ({{lang|ca-valencia|[[wikt:el#Catalan|el]]}}, {{lang|ca-valencia|[[wikt:els#Catalan|els]]}} 'him, them'), though some dialects (for instance the one spoken in [[Vinaròs]] area) preserve etymological forms {{lang|ca-valencia|[[wikt:lo#Catalan|lo]]}}, {{lang|ca-valencia|[[wikt:los#Catalan|los]]}} as in [[Lleida]]. For the other unstressed object pronouns, etymological old forms ({{lang|ca-valencia|[[wikt:me#Catalan|me]]}}, {{lang|ca-valencia|[[wikt:te#Catalan|te]]}}, {{lang|ca-valencia|[[wikt:se#Catalan|se]]}}, {{lang|ca-valencia|[[wikt:ne#Catalan|ne]]}}, {{lang|ca-valencia|[[wikt:mos#Catalan|mos]]}}, {{lang|ca-valencia|[[wikt:vos#Catalan|vos]]}}...) can be found, depending on places, in conjunction with the more modern reinforced ones ({{lang|ca-valencia|[[wikt:em#Catalan|em]]}}, {{lang|ca-valencia|[[wikt:et#Catalan|et]]}}, {{lang|ca-valencia|[[wikt:es#Catalan|es]]}}, {{lang|ca-valencia|[[wikt:en#Catalan|en]]}}, {{lang|ca-valencia|[[wikt:ens#Catalan|ens]]}}, {{lang|ca-valencia|[[wikt:us#Catalan|us]]}}...).
** Several local variations for {{lang|ca-valencia|[[wikt:nosaltres#Catalan|nosaltres]]}}, {{lang|ca-valencia|[[wikt:vosaltres#Catalan|vosaltres]]}} ('we, you'): {{lang|ca-valencia|mosatros}}, {{lang|ca-valencia|moatros}}, {{lang|ca-valencia|matros}}, etc.; {{lang|ca-valencia|vosatros}}, {{lang|ca-valencia|voatros}}, {{lang|ca-valencia|vatros}}, etc.; also for the weak form {{lang|ca-valencia|mos}}/{{lang|ca-valencia|-mos}} instead of standard {{lang|ca-valencia|ens}}/{{lang|ca-valencia|'ns}}/{{lang|ca-valencia|-nos}} ('us') and {{lang|ca-valencia|vos}}/{{lang|ca-valencia|-vos}} instead of {{lang|ca-valencia|us}}/{{lang|ca-valencia|-vos}} ('you pl.'), the latter ({{lang|ca-valencia|vos}}, instead of {{lang|ca-valencia|us}}) is considered standard.
* The adverbial pronoun {{lang|ca-valencia|[[wikt:hi#Catalan|hi]]}} ('there') is almost never used in speech and is replaced by other pronouns. The adverbial pronoun {{lang|ca-valencia|[[wikt:en|en]]}} ('him/her/them/it') is used less than in Catalonia and the Balearic Islands.<ref name="badia">{{cite book|first=Antoni M.|last=Badia i Margarit|title=Gramática de la llengua catalana: Descriptiva, normativa, diatópica, diastrática|publisher=Proa|location=Barcelona|year=1995|language=ca}}</ref>
* [[Catalan personal pronouns|Combined weak clitics]] with {{lang|ca-valencia|[[wikt:li#Catalan|li]]}} ('him/her/it') preserve the {{lang|ca-valencia|li}}, whereas in Central Catalan it is replaced by {{lang|ca-valencia|hi}}. For example, the combination {{lang|ca-valencia|li}} + {{lang|ca-valencia|el}} gives {{lang|ca-valencia|li'l}} in Valencian ({{lang|ca|l'hi}} in Central Catalan).
* The weak pronoun {{lang|ca-valencia|[[wikt:ho#Catalan|ho]]}} ('it') is pronounced as:
** {{IPA|[ew]}}, when it forms syllable with a pronoun: {{lang|ca-valencia|m'ho dona}} {{IPA|[mew ˈðona]}}, {{lang|ca-valencia|dona-m'ho}} {{IPA|[ˈdonamew]}} ('they give it to me')
** {{IPA|[ew]}} or {{IPA|[u]}}, when it comes before a verb starting with consonant: {{lang|ca-valencia|ho dona}} {{IPA|[ew ˈðona]}} (or {{IPA|[u ˈðona]}}) ('they give it')
** {{IPA|[w]}}, when precedes a vowel or when coming after a vowel: {{lang|ca-valencia|li ho dona}} {{IPA|[liw ˈðona]}} ('they give it to her/him'), {{lang|ca-valencia|dona-ho}} {{IPA|[ˈdonaw]}} ('you give it')
** {{IPA|[o]}}, when it comes after a consonant or a semivowel: {{lang|ca-valencia|donar-ho}} {{IPA|[doˈnaɾo]}} ('to give it').
* The personal pronoun {{lang|ca-valencia|[[wikt:jo#Catalan|jo]]}} ('I') and the adverb {{lang|ca-valencia|[[wikt:ja#Catalan|ja]]}} ('already') are not pronounced according to the spelling, but to the etymology ({{IPA|[ˈjɔ]}} and {{IPA|[ˈja]}}, instead of {{IPA|/ˈ(d)ʒɔ/}} and {{IPA|/ˈ(d)ʒa/}}). Similar pronunciations can be heard in North-Western Catalan and Ibizan.
* The preposition {{lang|ca-valencia|[[wikt:amb#Catalan|amb]]}} ('with') merges with {{lang|ca-valencia|[[wikt:en#Catalan|en]]}} ('in') in most Valencian dialects.
* The compound preposition {{lang|ca-valencia|[[wikt:per a#Catalan|per a]]}} ('for') is usually reduced to {{lang|ca-valencia|[[wikt:p'a#Catalan|p'a]]}} in colloquial Valencian.
* Valencian preserves the mediaeval system of demonstratives with three different levels of demonstrative precision ({{lang|ca-valencia|[[wikt:este#Catalan|este]]}} or {{lang|ca-valencia|[[wikt:aquest#Catalan|aquest]]}}/{{lang|ca-valencia|[[wikt:açò#Catalan|açò]]}}/{{lang|ca-valencia|[[wikt:ací#Catalan|ací]]}}, {{lang|ca-valencia|[[wikt:eixe#Catalan|eixe]]}} or {{lang|ca-valencia|[[wikt:aqueix#Catalan|aqueix]]}}/{{lang|ca-valencia|[[wikt:això#Catalan|això]]}}/{{lang|ca-valencia|[[wikt:ahí#Catalan|ahí]]}}, {{lang|ca-valencia|[[wikt:aquell#Catalan|aquell]]}}/{{lang|ca-valencia|[[wikt:allò#Catalan|allò]]}}/{{lang|ca-valencia|[[wikt:allí#Catalan|allí]]}} or {{lang|ca-valencia|[[wikt:allà#Catalan|allà]]}}, where {{lang|ca-valencia|aquest}} and {{lang|ca-valencia|aqueix}} are almost never used) (feature shared with modern Ribagorçan and Tortosan).
** The colloquial variant of {{lang|ca-valencia|[[wikt:açò#Catalan|açò]]}} ('this'), {{lang|ca-valencia|[[wikt:astò#Catalan|astò]]}}, is heard frequently in Alicante's Valencian.