Editing Uyghurs (section)

===<span id="Uyghur kingdoms (9th-11th c.)"></span>Uyghur kingdoms (9th–11th centuries)===
[[File:Old World 820.png|thumb|upright=1.35|Uyghur Khaganate in geopolitical context c. 820 AD]]

The Uyghurs who founded the Uyghur Khaganate dispersed after the fall of the Khaganate, to live among the [[Karluks]] and to places such as [[Jimsar County|Jimsar]], [[Turpan]] and [[Gansu]].<ref>{{cite web |url = http://en.people.cn/200305/26/eng20030526_117240.shtml |title = Full Text of White Paper on History and Development of Xinjiang |website=en.people.cn |access-date=15 June 2019 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190625021941/http://en.people.cn/200305/26/eng20030526_117240.shtml |archive-date=25 June 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref>{{NoteTag|"Soon the great chief Julumohe and the Kirghiz gathered a hundred thousand riders to attack the Uyghur city; they killed the Kaghan, executed Jueluowu, and burnt the royal camp. All the tribes were scattered – its ministers Sazhi and Pang Tele with fifteen clans fled to the Karluks, the remaining multitude went to Tibet and [[Guazhou County|Anxi]]." ({{lang-zh|t=俄而渠長句錄莫賀與黠戛斯合騎十萬攻回鶻城，殺可汗，誅掘羅勿，焚其牙，諸部潰其相馺職與厖特勒十五部奔葛邏祿，殘眾入吐蕃、安西。)}}<ref>{{cite web|url=http://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E5%94%90%E6%9B%B8/%E5%8D%B7217%E4%B8%8B |language=zh|script-title=zh:新唐書/卷217下 – 維基文庫，自由的圖書館 |trans-title=New Tang Book/Volume 217 – Wikisource, the free online library |website=zh.wikisource.org|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130512145231/http://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E5%94%90%E6%9B%B8/%E5%8D%B7217%E4%B8%8B|archive-date=12 May 2013}}{{full citation needed|date=December 2020}}</ref>}} These Uyghurs soon founded two kingdoms and the easternmost state was the [[Ganzhou Uyghur Kingdom|Ganzhou Kingdom]] (870–1036) which ruled parts of Xinjiang, with its capital near present-day [[Zhangye]], Gansu, China. The modern [[Yugur]]s are believed to be descendants of these Uyghurs. Ganzhou was absorbed by the [[Western Xia]] in 1036.

The second Uyghur kingdom, the [[Kingdom of Qocho]] ruled a larger section of Xinjiang, also known as ''Uyghuristan'' in its later period, was founded in the Turpan area with its capital in Qocho (modern [[Gaochang]]) and [[Jimsar County|Beshbalik]]. The Kingdom of Qocho lasted from the ninth to the fourteenth century and proved to be longer-lasting than any power in the region, before or since.<ref name="xinjiang"/> The Uyghurs were originally [[Tengrism|Tengrists]], shamanists, and [[Manichaeism|Manichaean]], but converted to Buddhism during this period. Qocho accepted the [[Qara Khitai]] as its overlord in the 1130s, and in 1209 submitted voluntarily to the rising [[Mongol Empire]]. The Uyghurs of Kingdom of Qocho were allowed significant autonomy and played an important role as civil servants to the [[Mongol Empire]], but was finally destroyed by the [[Chagatai Khanate]] by the end of the 14th century.<ref name="xinjiang"/><ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8rLUbuZLiaIC&pg=PA480|title=Dust in the Wind: Retracing Dharma Master Xuanzang's Western Pilgrimage |page=480 |isbn=9789868141988 |publisher=Rhythms Monthly |date=2006}}</ref>