Editing Uterus (section)

== Clinical significance ==
During [[pregnancy]], the growth rate of the fetus can be assessed by measuring the [[fundal height]].

{{anchor|Fluid accumulation}}
Some [[pathology|pathological]] states include:
 
[[File:Endometrial fluid accumulation, postmenopausal.jpg|thumb|[[Transvaginal ultrasonography]] showing a uterine fluid accumulation in a [[postmenopausal]] woman]]
* Accumulation of fluids other than blood or of unknown constitution. One study came to the conclusion that [[postmenopausal]] women with endometrial fluid collection on [[gynecologic ultrasonography]] should undergo [[endometrial biopsy]] if the endometrial lining is thicker than 3&nbsp;mm or if the endometrial fluid is [[echogenic]]. In cases of a lining 3&nbsp;mm or less and clear endometrial fluid, endometrial biopsy was not regarded to be necessary, but [[endocervical curettage]] to rule out endocervical cancer was recommended.<ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Takacs P, De Santis T, Nicholas MC, Verma U, Strassberg R, Duthely L |title=Echogenic endometrial fluid collection in postmenopausal women is a significant risk factor for disease |journal=J Ultrasound Med |volume=24 |issue=11 |pages=1477–81 |date=November 2005 |pmid=16239648 |doi= 10.7863/jum.2005.24.11.1477|s2cid=20258522 |doi-access= }}</ref>
* [[Hematometra]], which is accumulation of blood within the uterus.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/women-s-health-issues/noncancerous-gynecologic-abnormalities/cervical-stenosis|title=Cervical Stenosis - Women's Health Issues - Merck Manuals Consumer Version|work=Merck Manuals Consumer Version|access-date=2018-11-07|language=en-US|archive-date=2018-11-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181108025827/https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/women-s-health-issues/noncancerous-gynecologic-abnormalities/cervical-stenosis|url-status=live}}</ref>
* [[Uterine prolapse|Prolapse of the uterus]]
* [[Carcinoma of the cervix]]&nbsp;– malignant neoplasm
* [[Carcinoma of the uterus]]&nbsp;– malignant neoplasm
* [[Uterine fibroids|Fibroid]]s&nbsp;– benign neoplasms
* [[Adenomyosis]]&nbsp;– ectopic growth of endometrial tissue within the myometrium
* [[Endometritis]], infection at the uterine cavity
* [[Pyometra]]&nbsp;– infection of the uterus, most commonly seen in dogs
* [[Asherman's syndrome]], also known as intrauterine [[adhesions]], occurs when the basal layer of the endometrium is damaged by instrumentation (e.g., [[Dilation and curettage|D&C]]) or infection (e.g., endometrial [[tuberculosis]]) resulting in endometrial scarring followed by adhesion formation that partially or completely obliterates the uterine cavity
* Myometritis – inflammation of the muscular uterine wall.<ref>{{cite web|title=Myometritis - Medical Definition from MediLexicon|url=http://www.medilexicon.com/dictionary/58501|website=www.medilexicon.com|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161229101813/http://www.medilexicon.com/dictionary/58501|archive-date=2016-12-29}}</ref>

===Malformations===
[[File:Uterine_malformation.jpg|thumb|Four types of [[uterine malformation]]]]
[[Uterine malformation]]s are mainly [[birth defect|congenital malformations]], and include ''[[uterus didelphys]]'', [[bicornuate uterus]] and [[septate uterus]]. Congenital absence of the uterus is known as [[Müllerian agenesis]].

===Surgery===
A [[hysterectomy]] is the surgical removal of the uterus, which may be carried out for a number of reasons including the ridding of [[neoplasm|tumours]] both benign and [[cancer|malignant]]. A complete hysterectomy involves the removal of the body, fundus, and cervix of the uterus. A partial hysterectomy may just involve the removal of the uterine body while leaving the cervix intact. It is the most commonly performed [[gynecological surgery|gynecological surgical procedure]].

===Transplants===
[[Uterus transplantation]]s have been successfully carried out in a number of countries. The transplant is intended to be temporary – recipients will have to undergo a [[hysterectomy]] after one or two successful pregnancies. This is done to avoid the need to take [[immunosuppressive drug]]s for life with a consequent increased risk of infection.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.popsci.com/blog-network/ladybits/everything-you-need-know-about-uterus-transplants | title=Everything You Need To Know About Uterus Transplants | work=Popular Science | date=18 February 2014 | access-date=10 October 2014 | author=Ossola, Alexandra}}</ref>

The procedure remains the last resort: it is as of 2023, a relatively new and somewhat experimental procedure, performed only by certain specialist surgeons in select centres, it is expensive and unlikely to be covered by insurance, and it involves risk of infection and organ rejection. Some [[ethics]] specialists consider the risks to a live donor too great, and some find the entire procedure ethically questionable, especially since the transplant is not a life-saving procedure.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.pjstar.com/article/20141003/NEWS/141009710/?Start=2|title=Medical first: Baby born to woman who got new womb|work=[[Journal Star (Peoria)|Journal Star]]|publisher=2006-2014 Gatehouse Media, Inc.|date=4 October 2014|access-date=4 October 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/health-29485996|title=BBC News|date=4 October 2014|access-date=5 October 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/health/healthnews/11139991/The-first-baby-has-been-born-following-a-womb-transplant.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141004025236/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/health/healthnews/11139991/The-first-baby-has-been-born-following-a-womb-transplant.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=4 October 2014|title=The Daily Telegraph|date=3 October 2014|work=Telegraph.co.uk|access-date=5 October 2014}}</ref>