Editing Uric acid (section)

=== Bacteria ===
Uric acid metabolism is done in the human gut by ~1/5 of bacteria species that come from 4 of 6 major phyla. Such metabolism is anaerobic involving uncharacterized ammonia lyase, peptidase, carbamoyl transferase, and oxidoreductase enzymes. The result is that uric acid is converted into [[xanthine]] or [[Lactic acid|lactate]] and the [[Short-chain fatty acid|short chain fatty acids]] such as  [[acetate]] and [[Butyric acid|butyrate]].<ref name="v435">{{cite journal |last1=Liu |first1=Yuanyuan |last2=Jarman |first2=J. Bryce |last3=Low |first3=Yen S. |last4=Augustijn |first4=Hannah E. |last5=Huang |first5=Steven |last6=Chen |first6=Haoqing |last7=DeFeo |first7=Mary E. |last8=Sekiba |first8=Kazuma |last9=Hou |first9=Bi-Huei |last10=Meng |first10=Xiandong |last11=Weakley |first11=Allison M. |last12=Cabrera |first12=Ashley V. |last13=Zhou |first13=Zhiwei |last14=van Wezel |first14=Gilles |last15=Medema |first15=Marnix H. |year=2023 |title=A widely distributed gene cluster compensates for uricase loss in hominids |journal=Cell |volume=186 |issue=16 |pages=3400–3413.e20 |doi=10.1016/j.cell.2023.06.010 |issn=0092-8674 |doi-access=free |last16=Ganesan |first16=Calyani |last17=Pao |first17=Alan C. |last18=Gombar |first18=Saurabh |last19=Dodd |first19=Dylan|pmid=37541197 |pmc=10421625 |hdl=1887/3719494 |hdl-access=free }}</ref> Radioisotope studies suggest about 1/3 of uric acid is removed in healthy people in their gut with this being roughly 2/3 in those  with kidney disease.<ref name="l551">{{cite journal |last=Sorensen |first=Leif B. |year=1965 |title=Role of the intestinal tract in the elimination of uric acid |journal=Arthritis & Rheumatism |publisher=Wiley |volume=8 |issue=4 |pages=694–706 |doi=10.1002/art.1780080429 |pmid=5859543 |issn=0004-3591}}</ref> In mouse models, such bacteria compensate for the loss of uricase leading researchers to raise the possibility "that antibiotics targeting anaerobic bacteria, which would ablate gut bacteria, increase the risk for developing gout in humans".<ref name="v435" />