Editing Upper Canada (section)

===Upper Canada Rebellion of 1837===
{{main|Rebellions of 1837|Upper Canada Rebellion|Patriot War}}
[[File:Shooting of Col. Robert Moodie in front of John Montgomery's tavern.jpg|thumb|253x253px|Drawing showing the fatal shooting of Col. Robert Moodie outside John Montgomery's tavern in Toronto on 4 December 1837]]
The '''Upper Canada Rebellion''' was an insurrection against the [[Oligarchy|oligarchic]] government of the [[Family Compact]] in December 1837, led by [[William Lyon Mackenzie]]. Long term grievances included antagonism between Later Loyalists and British Loyalists, political corruption, the collapse of the international financial system and the resultant economic distress, and a growing republican sentiment. While public grievances had existed for years, it was the [[Lower Canada Rebellion]] (in present-day [[Quebec]]) that emboldened rebels in Upper Canada to revolt openly soon after. The Upper Canada Rebellion was largely defeated shortly after it began, although resistance lingered until 1838 (and became more violent) – mainly through the support of the [[Hunters' Lodges]], a secret anti-British American militia that emerged in states around the Great Lakes. They launched the Patriot War in 1838–39.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Greer|first=Allan|title=1837–38: Rebellion Reconsidered|journal=Canadian Historical Review|year=1995|volume=LXVII|issue=1|pages=1–30|doi=10.3138/chr-076-01-01 }}</ref>

[[John Lambton, 1st Earl of Durham|John Lambton, Lord Durham]]'s support for "[[responsible government]]" undercut the Tories and gradually led the public to reject what it viewed as poor administration, unfair land and education policies, and inadequate attention to urgent transportation needs. [[Report on the Affairs of British North America|Durham's report]] led to the administrative unification of Upper and Lower Canada as the [[Province of Canada]] in 1841. Responsible government did not occur until the late 1840s under [[Robert Baldwin]] and [[Louis-Hippolyte Lafontaine]].<ref>{{harvp|Careless|1967|pp=113–30}}</ref>