Editing Trolleybus (section)

===In Motion Charging===
[[File:Škoda 30 Tr.jpg|thumb|In Motion Charging additional batteries charging at Palmovka [[Prague]]]]

IMC (In Motion Charging)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://ecity.solarisbus.com/en/knowledge-base/in-motion-charging-imc#:~:text=In%2Dmotion%20charging%20(IMC)%20is%20another%20method%20for%20charging,s%20equipped%20with%20additional%20batteries.|title=In-motion charging (IMC)}}</ref>trolleybuses are equipped with a light-weight battery, the size of which is adapted to the line profile used. This battery allows them not to depend on overhead lines. They can thus operate with a mix of electric wire and batteries (60% of the time on the wire and 40% on the battery).
With the development of battery technology in recent years, trolleybuses with extended off-wire capability through on-board batteries are becoming popular. The on-board battery is charged while the vehicle is in motion under the overhead wires and then allows off-wire travel for significant distances, often in excess of 15&nbsp;km.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=上海无轨电车"复兴":全换成新型辫子车 车辆增加两倍-无轨电车 辫子 高油价时代 混搭 上海公交-上海频道-东方网|url=http://sh.eastday.com/m/20140626/u1a8178158.html|access-date=6 June 2020|website=sh.eastday.com|language=zh}}</ref><ref name=":1" /> Such trolleybuses are called, among others, trolleybuses with In-Motion Charging, hybrid trolleybuses, battery trolleybuses and electric buses with dynamic charging. The main advantages of this technology over conventional battery electric buses are reduced cost and weight of the battery due to its smaller size, no delays for charging at end stops as the vehicle charges while in motion and reduced need for dedicated charging stations that take up public space. This new development allows the extension of trolleybus routes or the electrification of bus routes without the need to build overhead wires along the whole length of the route. Cities that utilize such trolleybuses include [[Beijing Bus|Beijing]],<ref>{{Cite web|last=Wong|first=Marcus|date=5 February 2019|title=Battery powered trolleybuses in Beijing|url=https://www.checkerboardhill.com/2019/02/battery-powered-trolleybuses-in-beijing/|access-date=6 June 2020|website=Checkerboard Hill|language=en-US}}</ref> [[Ostrava]],<ref name=":1">{{cite web |url=https://www.urban-transport-magazine.com/en/hybrid-trolleybuses-in-the-czech-republic/ |title=Hybrid trolleybuses in the Czech Republic |author=Martin Harák |date=13 October 2019 |website=Urban Transport Magazine}}</ref> [[Trolleybuses in Shanghai|Shanghai]],<ref name=":0" /> [[Trolleybuses in Mexico City|Mexico City]],<ref>{{Cite web|last=Mario|date=11 May 2020|title=Yutong: the Chinese leader on worldwide expansion (as electric buses gain ground)|url=https://www.sustainable-bus.com/news/yutong-bus-zhengzhou-electric-bus/|access-date=6 June 2020|website=Sustainable Bus|language=en-US}}</ref> [[Saint Petersburg]],<ref>{{Cite web|title=THE INNOVATIVE TROLLEYBUS: IN MOTION CHARGING IN NEW KNOWLEDGE BRIEF|url=https://www.uitp.org/news/innovative-trolleybus-motion-charging-new-knowledge-brief}}</ref> and [[Trolleybuses in Bergen|Bergen]].<ref>{{Cite news|last=T|first=Tom|date=25 September 2020|title=De nye Solaris trolleybussene er kommet til Bergen|url=https://bussmagasinet.no/de-nye-solaris-trolleybussene-er-kommet-til-bergen/|access-date=6 December 2021|website=Bussmagasinet|language=nb-NO}}</ref> The new trolleybus systems in [[Marrakesh]], [[Baoding]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=我市第一批双源无轨电车来啦十大亮点抢先看|url=https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/Db2e3UKcIqDAlvi0fOrxEQ|language=zh}}</ref> and [[Prague]] are based exclusively on battery trolleybuses. In 2020, the city of [[Berlin]], Germany announced plans to build a new trolleybus system with 15 routes and 190 battery trolleybuses.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.urban-transport-magazine.com/en/bvg-berlin-plans-implementation-of-hybrid-trolleybuses/ |title=BVG Berlin plans implementation of hybrid trolleybuses |author=<!--Not stated--> |date=3 March 2020 |website=Urban Transport Magazine}}</ref> However, in early 2023 it was announced that the planned lines would use battery powered electric buses instead.<ref name="berlinaus">{{cite news |last=Neumann |first=Peter |date=23 January 2023 |title=Aus für die Strippe: Durch Berlin werden keine O-Busse mehr fahren |trans-title=End of the wire: There won't be trolleybuses going through Berlin |url=https://www.berliner-zeitung.de/mensch-metropole/verkehr-senat-bvg-projekt-oberleitungsbus-in-aller-stille-beerdigt-aus-fuer-die-strippe-durch-berlin-werden-keine-o-busse-mehr-fahren-li.310007 |language=German |work=Berliner Zeitung |location=Berlin |access-date=30 July 2023}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.urban-transport-magazine.com/en/in-motion-charging-for-emission-free-public-transport/|title=In-Motion-Charging for emission-free public transport|access-date=8 September 2020}}</ref>

Introducing new flexible, high-capacity public transport of in motion charging (IMC) trolleybuses are electric buses that can charge dynamically via an overhead contact network and can run on batteries for up to half of their route. Because an IMC bus is operated electrically just as a tramcar without limitation of the range. It concept of trolleybus and [[Electric bus|ebus]] with [[Battery electric bus]]. IMC500 transfers energy from the infrastructure to the vehicle at a power of up to 500 kW. The e.g. 2 x 160 kW motors are supplied in parallel to the battery charging with e.g. 200 kW.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.uitp.org/news/trolleybus-in-motion-charging-knowledge-brief/|title=How in motion charging trolleybuses are advancing our cities: Explore the Knowledge Brief|access-date=18 December 2023}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://kiepe.knorr-bremse.com/en/de/buses-and-e-mobilty/e-systems/imc500-e-bus-with-in-motion-charging-imc/|title=IMC500 / e-Bus with In Motion Charging (IMC®)|access-date=27 September 2024}}</ref>