Editing Triboelectric effect (section)

=== Humidity ===
Generally, increased [[humidity]] (water in the air) leads to a decrease in the magnitude of triboelectric charging.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Matsusaka |first1=S. |last2=Maruyama |first2=H. |last3=Matsuyama |first3=T. |last4=Ghadiri |first4=M. |date=2010 |title=Triboelectric charging of powders: A review |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0009250910004239 |journal=Chemical Engineering Science |language=en |volume=65 |issue=22 |pages=5781–5807 |doi=10.1016/j.ces.2010.07.005 |bibcode=2010ChEnS..65.5781M |hdl=2433/130693 |issn=0009-2509|hdl-access=free }}</ref> The size of this effect varies greatly depending on the contacting materials; the decrease in charging ranges from up to a factor of 10 or more to very little humidity dependence.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Németh |first1=Ernő |last2=Albrecht |first2=Victoria |last3=Schubert |first3=Gert |last4=Simon |first4=Frank |date=2003 |title=Polymer tribo-electric charging: dependence on thermodynamic surface properties and relative humidity |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0304388602001377 |journal=Journal of Electrostatics |volume=58 |issue=1–2 |pages=3–16 |doi=10.1016/S0304-3886(02)00137-7}}</ref> Some experiments find increased charging at moderate humidity compared to extremely dry conditions before a subsequent decrease at higher humidity.<ref name=":31">{{Cite journal |last1=Pence |first1=S. |last2=Novotny |first2=V. J. |last3=Diaz |first3=A. F. |date=1994 |title=Effect of Surface Moisture on Contact Charge of Polymers Containing Ions |url=https://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/la00014a042 |journal=Langmuir |volume=10 |issue=2 |pages=592–596 |doi=10.1021/la00014a042}}</ref> The most widespread explanation is that higher humidity leads to more water [[Adsorption|adsorbed]] at the surface of contacting materials, leading to a higher [[Surface conductivity#Surface Science|surface conductivity]].<ref name=":30">{{Cite journal |last1=Németh |first1=Ernő |last2=Albrecht |first2=Victoria |last3=Schubert |first3=Gert |last4=Simon |first4=Frank |date=2003 |title=Polymer tribo-electric charging: dependence on thermodynamic surface properties and relative humidity |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0304388602001377 |journal=Journal of Electrostatics |language=en |volume=58 |issue=1 |pages=3–16 |doi=10.1016/S0304-3886(02)00137-7 |issn=0304-3886}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Awakuni |first1=Y |last2=Calderwood |first2=J H |date=1972 |title=Water vapour adsorption and surface conductivity in solids |url=https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/0022-3727/5/5/323 |journal=Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics |volume=5 |issue=5 |pages=1038–1045 |doi=10.1088/0022-3727/5/5/323|bibcode=1972JPhD....5.1038A |s2cid=250802832 }}</ref> The higher conductivity allows for greater [[Carrier generation and recombination|charge recombination]] as contacts separate, resulting in a smaller transfer of charge.<ref name=":30" /><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Lesprit |first1=Ugo |last2=Paillat |first2=Thierry |last3=Zouzou |first3=Noureddine |last4=Paquier |first4=Anna |last5=Yonger |first5=Marc |date=2021 |title=Triboelectric charging of a glass bead impacting against polymers: Antistatic effects in glass/PU electrification in a humidity-controlled environment |journal=Journal of Electrostatics |language=en |volume=113 |page=103605 |doi=10.1016/j.elstat.2021.103605 |issn=0304-3886|doi-access=free }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Toth |first1=Joseph R. |last2=Phillips |first2=Amber K. |last3=Rajupet |first3=Siddharth |last4=Sankaran |first4=R. Mohan |last5=Lacks |first5=Daniel J. |date=2017 |title=Particle-Size-Dependent Triboelectric Charging in Single-Component Granular Materials: Role of Humidity |url=https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acs.iecr.7b02328 |journal=Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research |language=en |volume=56 |issue=35 |pages=9839–9845 |doi=10.1021/acs.iecr.7b02328 |issn=0888-5885}}</ref> Another proposed explanation for humidity effects considers the case when charge transfer is observed to increase with humidity in dry conditions. Increasing humidity may lead to the formation of water bridges between contacting materials that promote the transfer of ions.<ref name=":31" />