Editing Tour de France (section)

==Classifications==
[[File:Festivélo - Tour de France jerseys 01.jpg|thumb|right|The four jerseys of the [[2020 Tour de France]]]]
The oldest and main competition in the Tour de France is known as the "general classification", for which the yellow jersey is awarded; the winner of this is said to have won the race.<ref name="SL exp">{{cite web|url=http://www.sportinglife.com/other-sports/news/article/678/8788944/tour-de-france-jerseys-explained|title=Tour de France jerseys explained|date=1 July 2013|access-date=18 July 2013|work=Sporting Life|publisher=British Sky Broadcasting|archive-date=27 June 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130627030924/http://www.sportinglife.com/other-sports/news/article/678/8788944/tour-de-france-jerseys-explained|url-status=dead}}</ref> A few riders from each team aim to win overall, but there are three further competitions to draw riders of all specialties: points, mountains, and a classification for young riders with general classification aspirations.<ref name="SL exp"/> The leader of each of the aforementioned classifications wears a distinctive jersey, with riders leading multiple classifications wearing the jersey of the most prestigious that he leads.<ref name="SL exp"/> In addition to these four classifications, there are several minor and discontinued classifications that are competed for during the race.<ref name="SL exp"/>

===General classification===
{{Main|General classification in the Tour de France}}
{{See also|List of Tour de France general classification winners|Yellow jersey statistics}}

[[File:Voigt Cancellara TDF 2010 Cambrai (cropped).JPG|thumb|upright|[[Fabian Cancellara]] pictured at the [[2010 Tour de France]]. He is the rider who has worn the yellow jersey as leader of the [[General classification in the Tour de France|general classification]] for the most days without having ever been the overall winner]]
The oldest and most sought-after classification in the Tour de France is the general classification.<ref name="SL exp"/><ref name="clasexp">{{cite web|url=http://www.roadcycling.co.nz/TourdeFrance/tour-de-france-demystified-part-1.html |title=Tour de France demystified&nbsp;— Evaluating success |first=Sarah |last=Christian |date=2 July 2009 |access-date=18 July 2013 |publisher=RoadCycling|url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130209134934/http://www.roadcycling.co.nz/TourdeFrance/tour-de-france-demystified-part-1.html |archive-date=9 February 2013}}</ref> All of the stages are timed to the finish.<ref name="clasexp"/> The riders' times are compounded with their previous stage times; so the rider with the lowest aggregate time is the leader of the race.<ref name="SL exp"/><ref name="clasexp"/> The leader is determined after each stage's conclusion: he gains the privilege to wear the yellow jersey, presented on a podium in the stage's finishing town, for the next stage. If he is leading more than one classification that awards a jersey, he wears the yellow one, since the general classification is the most important one in the race.<ref name="ASO"/> Between [[1905 Tour de France|1905]] and [[1912 Tour de France|1912]] inclusive, in response to concerns about rider cheating in the [[1904 Tour de France|1904 race]], the general classification was awarded according to a point-based system based on their placings in each stage, and the rider with the lowest total of points after the Tour's conclusion was the winner.<ref name="clasexp"/>

The leader in the [[1903 Tour de France|first Tour de France]] was awarded a green armband.{{sfn|Woodland|2007|p=}} The yellow jersey (the color was chosen as the newspaper that created the Tour, ''[[L'Auto]]'', was printed on yellow paper), was added to the race in the 1919 edition and it has since become a symbol of the Tour de France.<ref name="SL exp"/> The first rider to wear the yellow jersey was [[Eugène Christophe]]. Riders usually try to make the extra effort to keep the jersey for as long as possible in order to get more publicity for the team and its sponsors. [[Eddy Merckx]] wore the yellow jersey for 96 stages, which is more than any other rider in the history of the Tour. Four riders have won the general classification five times in their career: [[Jacques Anquetil]], [[Eddy Merckx]], [[Bernard Hinault]], and [[Miguel Induráin]].

===Mountains classification===
{{Main|Mountains classification in the Tour de France}}

[[File:Richard Virenque - Tour de France 2003 - Alpe d'Huez (cropped).jpg|thumb|upright|[[Richard Virenque]] pictured at the [[2003 Tour de France]] wearing the polka dot jersey. He won the [[Mountains classification in the Tour de France|mountains classification]] a record seven times.]]
The mountains classification is the second-oldest jersey awarding classification in the Tour de France. The mountains classification was added to the Tour de France in the [[1933 Tour de France|1933 edition]] and was first won by [[Vicente Trueba]].<ref name="SL exp"/>{{sfn|Woodland|2007|p=203}} Prizes for the classification were first awarded in [[1934 Tour de France|1934]].{{sfn|Woodland|2007|p=203}} During stages of the race containing climbs, points are awarded to the first riders to reach the top of each categorized climb, with points available for up to the first 10 riders, depending on the classification of the climb. Climbs are classified according to the steepness and length of that particular hill, with more points available for harder climbs. The classification was preceded by the ''meilleur grimpeur'' ({{langx|en|best climber}}) which was awarded by the organising newspaper ''L'Auto'' to a cyclist who completed each race.

The classification awarded no jersey to the leader until the [[1975 Tour de France]], when the organizers decided to award a distinctive white jersey with red dots to the leader. This is colloquially referred to in English as the "polka dot" jersey.<ref name="SL exp"/>{{sfn|Woodland|2007|p=203}} The climbers' jersey is worn by the rider who, at the start of each stage, has the largest number of climbing points.<ref name="clasexp"/> If the race leader is also leading the Mountains classification, the polka dot jersey will be worn by the next eligible rider in the Mountains standings. At the end of the Tour, the rider holding the most climbing points wins the classification. Some riders may race with the aim of winning this particular competition, while others who gain points early on may shift their focus to the classification during the race. The Tour has five categories for ranking the mountains the race covers. The scale ranges from category 4, the easiest, to hors catégorie, the hardest. During his career [[Richard Virenque]] won the mountains classification a record seven times.

The point distribution for the mountains in the 2019 event was:<ref>{{cite web |url=https://netstorage.lequipe.fr/ASO/cycling_tdf/rules-reglement-tour-de-france-2019.pdf |title=Tour de France 2019&nbsp;– Rules |publisher=Letour.fr |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190701191111/https://netstorage.lequipe.fr/ASO/cycling_tdf/rules-reglement-tour-de-france-2019.pdf |archive-date=1 July 2019 |url-status=live}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable"
|-
!colspan=2|Type||1st||2nd||3rd||4th||5th||6th||7th||8th
|-
|[[File:Mountainstage.svg]]||align=left|Hors catégorie||20||15||12||10||8||6||4||2
|-
|[[File:Mountainstage.svg]]||align=left|First Category||10||8||6||4||2||1|| ||
|-
|[[File:Mediummountainstage.svg]]||align=left|Second Category||5||3||2||1|| || || ||
|-
|[[File:Mediummountainstage.svg]]||align=left|Third Category||2||1|| || || || || ||
|-
|[[File:Hillystage.svg]]||align=left|Fourth Category||1|| || || || || || ||
|}
* Points awarded are doubled for HC climbs over 2000m of altitude.

===Points classification===
{{Main|Points classification in the Tour de France}}

[[File:TDF24646 sagan (43769469381).jpg|thumb|right|[[Peter Sagan]] in the [[Points classification in the Tour de France|green jersey]] at the [[2018 Tour de France]]. Sagan won the points classification a record seven times, in [[2012 Tour de France|2012]], [[2013 Tour de France|2013]], [[2014 Tour de France|2014]], [[2015 Tour de France|2015]], [[2016 Tour de France|2016]], [[2018 Tour de France|2018]] and [[2019 Tour de France|2019]]]]
The points classification is the third oldest of the currently awarded jersey classifications.<ref name="SL exp"/> It was introduced in the [[1953 Tour de France]] and was first won by [[Fritz Schär]]. The classification was added to draw the participation of the sprinters as well as celebrate the 50th anniversary of the Tour. Points are given to the first 15 riders to finish a stage, with an additional set of points given to the first 15 riders to cross a pre-determined 'sprint' point during the route of each stage. The point classification leader green jersey is worn by the rider who at the start of each stage, has the greatest number of points.<ref name="clasexp"/>

In the first years, the cyclist received penalty points for not finishing with a high place, so the cyclist with the fewest points was awarded the green jersey. From 1959 on, the system was changed so the cyclists were awarded points for high place finishes (with first place getting the most points, and lower placings getting successively fewer points), so the cyclist with the most points was awarded the green jersey. The number of points awarded varies depending on the type of stage, with flat stages awarding the most points at the finish and time trials and high mountain stages awarding the fewest points at the finish.<ref name="clasexp"/> This increases the likelihood of a sprinter winning the points classification, though other riders can be competitive for the classification if they have a sufficient number of high-place finishes.

The winner of the classification is the rider with the most points at the end of the Tour. In case of a tie, the leader is determined by the number of stage wins, then the number of intermediate sprint victories, and finally, the rider's standing in the general classification. The classification has been won a record seven times by [[Peter Sagan]].<ref name="SL exp"/><ref>{{cite web |title=Peter Sagan toughs it out to win his sixth green jersey in Paris|date=30 July 2018 |url=http://www.cyclingnews.com/news/peter-sagan-toughs-it-out-to-win-his-sixth-green-jersey-in-paris/ |work=Cycling News |access-date=30 July 2018}}</ref>

The first year the points classification was used it was sponsored by La Belle Jardinière, a lawn mower producer, and the jersey was made green. In [[1968 Tour de France|1968]] the jersey was changed to red to please the sponsor.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.cvccbike.com/tour/eddy/xtra_bestanden/green.htm |title=Tour Xtra: Green Jersey |publisher=Cvccbike.com |access-date=3 August 2014 |archive-date=21 September 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070921215202/http://www.cvccbike.com/tour/eddy/xtra_bestanden/green.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> However, the color was changed back the following year. For almost 25 years the classification was sponsored by Pari Mutuel Urbain, a state betting company.{{sfn|Woodland|2007|p=203}}<ref name=skoda>{{cite web |url=http://www.cyclingweekly.co.uk/racing/tour-de-france/tour-de-france-announces-new-green-jersey-sponsor-163251 |title=Tour de France announces new green jersey sponsor |last1=Clarke |first1=Stuart |date=23 March 2015 |work=Cycling Weekly|access-date=23 March 2015}}</ref> However they announced in November 2014 that they would not be continuing their sponsorship, and in March 2015 it was revealed that the green jersey would now be sponsored by German automaker [[Volkswagen AG]]'s [[Škoda Auto|Škoda]] brand.<ref name=skoda />

As of [[2015 Tour de France|2015]], the points awarded are:<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.letour.com/le-tour/2015/docs/TDF15_Reglement-BD.pdf|publisher=ASO/letour.fr|title=Regulations of the race|access-date=6 July 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150707032116/http://www.letour.com/le-tour/2015/docs/TDF15_Reglement-BD.pdf|archive-date=7 July 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable"
|-
!colspan=2|Type||1st||2nd||3rd||4th||5th||6th||7th||8th||9th||10th||11th||12th||13th||14th||15th
|-
|[[File:Plainstage.svg]]||Flat stage finish||50||30||20||18||16||14||12||10||8||rowspan=2|7||rowspan=2|6||rowspan=2|5||rowspan=2|4||rowspan=2|3||rowspan=2|2
|-
|[[File:Mediummountainstage.svg]]||Medium mountain stage finish||30||25||22||19||17||15||13||11||9
|-
|[[File:Mountainstage.svg]]||High mountain stage finish||rowspan=3|20||rowspan=3|17||rowspan=3|15||rowspan=3|13||rowspan=3|11||rowspan=3|10||rowspan=3|9||rowspan=3|8||rowspan=3|7||rowspan=3|6||rowspan=3|5||rowspan=3|4||rowspan=3|3||rowspan=3|2||rowspan=3|1
|-
|[[File:Time Trial.svg|22px]]||Individual time trial
|-
| ||Intermediate sprint
|}

===Young rider classification===
{{Main|Young rider classification in the Tour de France}}

[[File:Tadej Pogacar - Meilleur jeune du Tour de France 2023.jpg|thumb|right|upright|[[Tadej Pogačar]] wearing the [[Young rider classification in the Tour de France|White Jersey]] at the [[2023 Tour de France]]. Pogačar is the only rider to win the Young Rider's Classification 4-times overall and has held the white jersey for a record 75 days in total.]]
The leader of the classification is determined the same way as the general classification, with the riders' times being added up after each stage and the eligible rider with lowest aggregate time is dubbed the leader. The Young rider classification is restricted to the riders that will stay under the age of 26 in the calendar year the race is held. Originally the classification was restricted to neo-professionals – riders that are in their first three years of professional racing – until [[1983 Tour de France|1983]]. In 1983, the organizers made it so that only first time riders were eligible for the classification. In [[1987 Tour de France|1987]], the organizers changed the rules of the classification to what they are today.

This classification was added to the Tour de France in the [[1975 Tour de France|1975 edition]], with [[Francesco Moser]] being the first to win the classification after placing seventh overall. The Tour de France awards a white jersey to the leader of the classification, although this was not done between 1989 and 2000.<ref name="SL exp"/> Six riders have won both the young rider classification and the general classification in the same year: [[Laurent Fignon]] (1983), [[Jan Ullrich]] ([[1997 Tour de France|1997]]), [[Alberto Contador]] ([[2007 Tour de France|2007]]), [[Andy Schleck]] ([[2010 Tour de France|2010]]), [[Egan Bernal]] ([[2019 Tour de France|2019]]) and [[Tadej Pogačar]] ([[2020 Tour de France|2020]] and [[2021 Tour de France|2021]]). Three riders have won the young rider classification three times in their respective careers: Jan Ullrich, Andy Schleck and Tadej Pogačar.

As of 2015 Jersey sponsor is Optician company Krys,<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.sportspromedia.com/news/krys_eyes_tour_de_frances_white_jersey |title=Krys eyes Tour de France's white jersey – SportsPro Media<!-- Bot generated title --> |access-date=5 July 2015 |archive-date=11 July 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210711121104/https://www.sportspromedia.com/news/krys_eyes_tour_de_frances_white_jersey |url-status=dead}}</ref> replacing Škoda who moved to the Green Jersey.

===Minor classifications and prizes===
[[File:Plus Combatif à l'arrivée du Tour de France 2017 à Chambéry.JPG|thumb|left|[[Warren Barguil]] with the ''prix de la combativité'' award at the [[2017 Tour de France]]]]
The ''[[Combativity award in the Tour de France|prix de la combativité]]'' goes to the rider who most animates the day, usually by trying to break clear of the field. The most combative rider wears a number printed white-on-beige instead of black-on-white next day. An award goes to the most aggressive rider throughout the Tour. Already in 1908 a sort of combativity award was offered, when ''Sports Populaires'' and ''L'Éducation Physique'' created ''Le Prix du Courage'', 100 francs and a silver gilt medal for "the rider having finished the course, even if unplaced, who is particularly distinguished for the energy he has used."{{sfn|Woodland|2007|p=96}}{{sfn|Thompson|2008|p=40}} The modern competition started in 1958.{{sfn|Woodland|2007|p=96}}{{sfn|Augendre|1996|p=45}} In 1959, a Super Combativity award for the most combative cyclist of the Tour was awarded. It was initially not awarded every year, but since 1981 it has been given annually. Eddy Merckx has the most wins (4) for the overall award.

The [[Team classification in the Tour de France|team classification]] is assessed by adding the time of each team's best three riders each day. The competition does not have its own jersey but since 2006 the leading team has worn numbers printed black-on-yellow. Until 1990, the leading team would wear yellow caps. As of 2012, the riders of the leading team wear yellow helmets.<ref>{{cite web |author=Simon MacMichael |url=http://road.cc/content/news/60789-team-skys-yellow-helmets-cause-kerfuffle-during-tour-de-france-stage-1 |title=Team Sky's yellow helmets cause a kerfuffle during Tour de France Stage |publisher=Farrelly Atkinson|work=Road.cc |date=1 July 2012 |access-date=9 July 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121105172325/http://road.cc/content/news/60789-team-skys-yellow-helmets-cause-kerfuffle-during-tour-de-france-stage-1 |archive-date=5 November 2012 |url-status=dead}}</ref> During the era of national teams, France and Belgium won 10 times each.{{sfn|Woodland|2007|p=203}} From 1973 up to 1988, there was also a team classification based on points (stage classification); members of the leading team would wear green caps.

===Historical classifications===
[[File:CombinadaLemond.jpg|thumb|upright|Combination classification jersey won by [[Greg LeMond]] at the [[1985 Tour de France]]]]
There has been an [[Intermediate sprints classification in the Tour de France|intermediate sprints classification]], which from 1984 awarded a red jersey{{sfn|Augendre|1996|p=77}} for points awarded to the first three to pass intermediate points during the stage. These sprints also scored points towards the points classification and bonuses towards the general classification. The intermediate sprints classification with its red jersey was abolished in 1989,<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/dna/h2g2/A3197171
 |title=The Tour de France |access-date=9 July 2007 |work=BBC H2G2|date=26 November 2004}}</ref> but the intermediate sprints have remained, offering points for the points classification and, until 2007, time bonuses for the general classification.

From 1968 there was a [[Combination classification in the Tour de France|combination classification]],{{sfn|Augendre|1996|p=61}} scored on a points system based on standings in the general, points and mountains classifications. The design was originally white, then a patchwork with areas resembling each individual jersey design. This was also abolished in 1989.{{sfn|Augendre|1996|p=83}}

===Lanterne rouge===
The rider who has taken most time is called the ''[[lanterne rouge]]'' (''red lantern, as in the red light at the back of a vehicle so it can be seen in the dark'') and in past years sometimes carried a small red light beneath his [[saddle]]. Such was sympathy that he could command higher fees in the races that previously followed the Tour.{{Clarify|reason=What fees is this referring to?|date=July 2022}} In 1939 and 1948 the organisers excluded the last rider every day, to encourage more competitive racing.<ref group="n">Jacques Goddet said in his autobiography that teams were using the rule to eliminate rivals. A rider in last position knew he would be disqualified at the end of the stage. If he dropped out before or during the stage, another competitor became the last and he would leave the race as well. That weakened a rival team, which now had fewer helpers.</ref>

===Prizes===
[[File:Tdf prize money in 2013 euro.svg|thumb|Prize money in 2013 [[euro]]s in the Tour de France]]
Prize money has always been awarded. From 20,000 [[French franc|francs]] the first year,{{sfn|Woodland|2007|p=300–304}} prize money has increased each year, although from 1976 to 1987 the first prize was an apartment offered by a race sponsor. The first prize in 1988 was a car, a studio-apartment, a work of art, and 500,000 francs in cash. Prizes only in cash returned in 1990.{{sfn|Augendre|1996|p=69–83}}

Prizes and bonuses are awarded for daily placings and final placings at the end of the race. In 2009, the winner received €450,000, while each of the 21 stage winners won €8,000 (€10,000 for the team time-trial stage). The winners of the points classification and mountains classification each win €25,000, the young rider competition and the combativity prize €20,000 ; the winner of the [[Team classification in the Tour de France|team classification]] (calculated by adding the cumulative times of the best three riders in each team) receives €50 000 .<ref name="Letour Prix">{{cite web |url=http://www.letour.fr/2009/TDF/LIVE/us/reglements.html |title=Règlement de l'épreuve et Liste des prix |publisher=Letour.fr |access-date=18 July 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100213041745/http://www.letour.fr/2009/TDF/LIVE/us/reglements.html |archive-date=13 February 2010 |url-status=dead}}</ref>

The [[Souvenir Henri Desgrange]], in memory of the founder of the Tour, is awarded to the first rider over the [[Col du Galibier]] where his monument stands,<ref name="Letour Prix"/> or to the first rider over the highest col in the Tour. A similar award, the [[Souvenir Jacques Goddet]], is made at the summit of the [[Col du Tourmalet]], at the memorial to [[Jacques Goddet]], Desgrange's successor.

=== Trophy ===
The winner of general classification is the recipient of ''Coupe Omnisports'', presented by the [[President of France|president of the French Republic]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Coupe – making the Tour de France trophy |url=https://www.rouleur.it/blogs/the-rouleur-journal/the-coupe-making-the-tour-de-france-trophy |access-date=2024-07-26 |website=Rouleur |language=it}}</ref> The Trophy is realized by the [[Manufacture nationale de Sèvres]] and was used since 1975, the first time Tour [[Champs-Élysées stage in the Tour de France|finished on the Champs-Élysées]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Mart1 |title=Le Vase de Sèvres, ce trophée remis au vainqueur du Tour |url=http://21virages.free.fr/blog/index.php?post/2013/01/16/Vase-de-Sevres-TDF |access-date=2024-07-26 |website=Le blog de l'Ardoisier |language=fr}}</ref>

[[Škoda Auto|Škoda]], the green jersey sponsor, have given, since 2011 a glass trophy in green to the winner of that competition.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2017-07-10 |title=Have a first look at The Glass Trophy of Tour de France |url=https://www.welovecycling.com/wide/2017/07/10/first-look-glass-trophy-tour-de-france/ |access-date=2024-07-26 |website=We Love Cycling magazine |language=en-US}}</ref> More recently, similar trophies in clear glass have been awarded to the other jersey winners.<ref>{{Cite web |title=2024 Tour de France final podium with the Glass Trophies |url=https://d2p6e6u75xmxt8.cloudfront.net/2/2024/07/Tour-de-France-2024-Podium-Girmay-Pogacar-Evenepoel-profimedia-0891300693-CVR.webp}}</ref>

After every stage, the general classification leader receive the yellow jersey and, since 1987, a toy lyon offered by the yellow jersey sponsor, [[Crédit Lyonnais]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Why is a lion given to the winners in the Tour de France? |url=https://en.brujulabike.com/lion-tour-de-france/ |access-date=2024-07-27 |website=brujulabike.com |language=en}}</ref>