Editing Tora! Tora! Tora! (section)

==Reception==
===Box office===
At the time of its initial release, ''Tora! Tora! Tora!'' was thought to be a box office disappointment in North America,<ref>[http://www.accessmylibrary.com/article-1G1-74440066/flop-flop-flop-box.html "Flop! Flop! Flop! (Box office receipts of war film 'Tora! Tora! Tora!')."] ''Variety.'' Retrieved: February 12, 2012.</ref> despite its domestic box office of $29,548,291 making it the [[1970 in film|ninth-highest-grossing film of 1970]].<ref>[http://www.the-numbers.com/movies/1970/00260.php "Tora! Tora! Tora! Domestic Box Office."] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140203181055/http://www.the-numbers.com/movies/1970/00260.php |date=2014-02-03 }} ''The Numbers.'' Retrieved: February 12, 2012.</ref> It was a major hit in Japan, and over the years, home media releases provided a larger overall profit.<ref name="Parish p. 412">[[#refParish1990|Parish 1990]], p. 412.</ref><ref>[http://www.dvdmoviecentral.com/ReviewsText/tora_tora_tora.htm "Tora! Tora! Tora!"] ''dvdmoviecentral.com.'' Retrieved: February 12, 2012.</ref> The film had earned {{¥|194.22 million}} in Japanese [[distributor rentals]] by 1971, becoming the sixth-highest-grossing film of 1971 in Japan.<ref>{{cite magazine |title=キネマ旬報ベスト・テン85回全史 1924-2011 |magazine=[[Kinema Junpo|Kinema Junpo Mook]] |date=May 2012 |publisher=Kinema Junposha |isbn=978-4873767550 |page=285}}</ref>

According to Fox records, the film required {{US$|37.15 million|long=no}} in rentals to break even, and had done so by December 11, 1970.<ref name="Fox">{{cite book|page=[https://archive.org/details/foxthatgotawayt00silv/page/329 329]|title=The Fox that got away : the last days of the Zanuck dynasty at Twentieth Century-Fox|url=https://archive.org/details/foxthatgotawayt00silv|url-access=registration|last=Silverman|first=Stephen M|year=1988|publisher=L. Stuart|isbn=9780818404856}}</ref>

===Critical response===
[[File:Tora Fire Break 08.JPG|thumb|The [[Commemorative Air Force]]'s [[Gulf Coast Wing]]'s Tora! Tora! Tora! team still fly the movie's aircraft simulating the attack at airshows.]]

On [[Rotten Tomatoes]], the film holds a 57% rating based on 30 reviews. The site's consensus states: "''Tora! Tora! Tora!'' is scrupulously accurate and lays out of the tragedy of Pearl Harbor with intricate detail, but the film's clinical approach to the sound and fury signifies little feeling."<ref name=":0">[https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/tora_tora_tora/ "Movie Reviews for 'Tora! Tora! Tora!'."] ''[[Rotten Tomatoes]].'' Retrieved: January 29, 2012.</ref> On [[Metacritic]] it has a score of 46% based on reviews from 8 critics, indicating "mixed or average reviews".<ref>{{cite web |title=Tora! Tora! Tora! |url=https://www.metacritic.com/movie/tora!-tora!-tora! |website=[[Metacritic]] |access-date=2021-01-01}}</ref>

[[Roger Ebert]] gave the film one star and felt that ''Tora! Tora! Tora!'' was "one of the deadest, dullest blockbusters ever made" and suffered from not having "some characters to identify with." In addition, he criticized the film for poor acting and special effects in his 1970 review.<ref>[[Roger Ebert|Ebert, Roger]]. [http://rogerebert.suntimes.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/19701012/REVIEWS/10120301/1023 "Tora! Tora! Tora! (review)"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130311201839/http://rogerebert.suntimes.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=%2F19701012%2FREVIEWS%2F10120301%2F1023 |date=2013-03-11 }} ''[[Chicago Sun-Times]]'', October 12, 1970. Retrieved: April 1, 2008.</ref> [[Vincent Canby]], reviewer for '' [[The New York Times]]'', was similarly unimpressed, noting the film was "nothing less than a $25-million irrelevancy."<ref name="Canby Review">Canby, Vincent. [http://movies.nytimes.com/movie/review?res=9F0CE7DC1E38E73ABC4C51DFBF66838B669EDE "Tora! Tora! Tora! (1970)"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131023062507/http://movies.nytimes.com/movie/review?res=9F0CE7DC1E38E73ABC4C51DFBF66838B669EDE |date=2013-10-23 }} ''The New York Times'', September 24, 1970. Retrieved: August 27, 2011.</ref> ''[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]'' also found the film to be boring; however, the magazine praised the film's action sequences and production values.<ref>Variety staff. [https://archive.today/20130205110549/http://www.variety.com/review/VE1117795808.html?categoryid=31&cs=1&p=0 "Excerpt from the 1970 ''Variety'' review."] ''Variety'', January 1, 1970. Retrieved: April 1, 2008.</ref>  [[Charles Champlin]] in his review for the ''[[Los Angeles Times]]'' on September 23, 1970, considered the movie's chief virtues as a "spectacular", and the careful recreation of a historical event.<ref name="Orriss p. 200">[[#refOrriss1984|Orriss 1984]], p. 200.</ref>

Despite the initial negative reviews, the film was critically acclaimed for its vivid action scenes and found favor with aviation aficionados.<ref name="Aviation Great films" /> However, even the team of Jack Hardwick and Ed Schnepf, who had been involved in research on aviation films, relegated ''Tora! Tora! Tora!'' to the "also-ran" status due to its slow-moving plotline.<ref name="Aviation Great films">[[#refHardwickSchnepf1989|Hardwick and Schnepf 1989]], p. 62.</ref>

Several later films and TV series relating to World War II in the Pacific have used footage from ''Tora! Tora! Tora!''. These productions include the films ''[[Midway (1976 film)|Midway]]'' (1976; in the ''Tora! Tora! Tora!'' DVD commentary, Fleischer expressed anger that Universal used the footage), ''[[All This and World War II]]'' (film 1976), [[Pearl (miniseries)|''Pearl'']] (TV mini-series 1978), ''[[From Here to Eternity (miniseries)|From Here to Eternity]]'' (TV mini-series 1979), ''[[The Final Countdown (film)|The Final Countdown]]'' (1980), and ''[[Australia (2008 film)|Australia]]'' (2008) as well as the ''[[Magnum, P. I.]]'' television series episode titled "Lest We Forget" (first airdate February 12, 1981).<ref>[[#refDolan1985|Dolan 1985]], p. 87.</ref>

In 1994, a survey at the [[USS Arizona Memorial|USS ''Arizona'' Memorial]] in Honolulu determined that for Americans the film was the most common source of popular knowledge about the Pearl Harbor attack.<ref name=":1">[http://www.japanfocus.org/-Marie-Thorsten/3462#sthash.AtsvQ531.dpuf "Binational Pearl Harbor."] ''japanfocus''. Retrieved: February 12, 2012.</ref>

Clark Collis of ''[[Empire (magazine)|Empire]]'' gave the film three out of five stars, writing that the film "is high on historical veracity but low on drama".<ref>{{cite web | url= https://www.empireonline.com/movies/reviews/tora-tora-tora-review/ | title= Tora! Tora! Tora! Review| date= 3 March 2006}}</ref> In 2016, ''[[Cinema Retro]]'' released a special issue dedicated to ''Tora! Tora! Tora!'' which detailed the Blu-Ray release of the film. Stating that the film "has only grown in stature over the decades", it praises the attack sequences, calling them "quite spectacular", and commends the portrayal of the Japanese as "anything but ethnic stereotypes, which adds immensely to the impact of their side of the story". It also praises the "innovative, pulse-pounding" soundtrack.<ref>{{cite web |url= https://cinemaretro.com/index.php?/archives/6444-REVIEW-TORA!-TORA!-TORA!-1970-SPECIAL-EDITION-ON-BLU-RAY.html |title=REVIEW: "TORA! TORA! TORA!" (1970) ... Cinema Retro |date=7 December 2021 |website=Cinemaretro.com |access-date=20 May 2024}}</ref> Reviewers called the film as being "meticulous"<ref>Bernardelli, James, [http://www.reelviews.net/movies/t/tora.html "''Tora! Tora! Tora!'' film review"], ReelViews.net</ref> in its approach to dissecting the situation leading up to the attack. A reviewer called ''Tora! Tora! Tora!'' a fine documentary-style film about the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor. The usage of both American and Japanese filmmakers provides an unbiased film and unique viewing experience, and is uncommon in the genre.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Suarez|first=Greg|date=April 23, 2001|title=DVD Review - Tora! Tora! Tora!|url=http://archive.thedigitalbits.com/reviews/toratoratora.html|access-date=December 2, 2024|website=thedigitalbits.com}}</ref> A 2018 article described the film as doing "a most memorable job in portraying the whole Pearl Harbor experience".<ref>https://www.asianstudies.org/publications/eaa/archives/mori-arinori-and-japanese-education-1847-1889/ {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240120023523/https://www.asianstudies.org/publications/eaa/archives/mori-arinori-and-japanese-education-1847-1889/ |date=2024-01-20 }}.</ref>

=== Awards and nominations ===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Ceremony
! Category
! Nominee(s)
! Result
|-
| rowspan="5" |[[43rd Academy Awards]]
|[[Academy Award for Best Cinematography|Best Cinematography]]
|[[Charles F. Wheeler]], [[Shinsaku Himeda]], [[Osamu Furuya]] and [[Masamichi Satoh]]
|{{nom}}
|-
|[[Academy Award for Best Film Editing|Best Film Editing]]
|[[James E. Newcom]], [[Pembroke J. Herring]] and [[Inoue Chikaya]]
|{{nom}}
|-
|[[Academy Award for Best Production Design|Best Art Direction]]
|Art Direction: [[Jack Martin Smith]], [[Yoshirō Muraki]], [[Richard Day (art director)|Richard Day]] and [[Taizô Kawashima]]<br>Set Decoration: [[Walter M. Scott]], [[Norman Rockett]] and [[Carl Biddiscombe]]
|{{nom}}
|-
|[[Academy Award for Best Visual Effects|Best Special Visual Effects]]
|[[L. B. Abbott]] and [[A. D. Flowers]]<ref name="Orriss p. 200" />
|{{won}}
|-
|[[Academy Award for Best Sound Mixing|Best Sound]]
|[[Murray Spivack]] and [[Herman Lewis]]<ref name="NY Times">Canby, Vincent. [https://archive.today/20130130062318/http://movies.nytimes.com/movie/50467/Tora-Tora-Tora-/awards "Tora! Tora! Tora!"] ''[[The New York Times]]'', September 24, 1970. Retrieved: March 11, 2009.</ref>
|{{nom}}
|-
|1971 [[American Cinema Editors|American Cinema Editors Awards]]
|[[American Cinema Editors Award for Best Edited Feature Film – Dramatic|Best Edited Feature Film – Dramatic]]
|James E. Newcom, Pembroke J. Herring, Inoue Chikaya
|{{nom}}
|-
| rowspan="2" |1971 [[Laurel Awards]]
| colspan="2" |Best Picture
|{{partial|8th place}}
|-
|Best Cinematographer
|Charles F. Wheeler, Shinsaku Himeda, Osamu Furuya, Masamichi Satoh
|{{partial|4th place}}
|-
|[[National Board of Review Awards 1970]]
| colspan="2" |[[National Board of Review: Top Ten Films|Top Ten Films]]
|{{partial|10th place}}
|}