Editing Tipu Sultan (section)

===Third Anglo-Mysore War===
{{main|Third Anglo-Mysore War}}
[[File:Tippu's cannon.jpg|thumb|left|Cannon used by Tipu Sultan's forces at the battle of [[Srirangapatna]] 1799]] [[File:Surrender of Tipu Sultan.jpg|thumb|General [[Charles Cornwallis, 1st Marquess Cornwallis|Lord Cornwallis]], receiving two of Tipu Sultan's sons as hostages in the year 1793.|left]]

In 1789, Tipu Sultan disputed the acquisition by [[Dharma Raja of Travancore]] of two [[Dutch Republic|Dutch-held]] fortresses in [[Kingdom of Cochin|Cochin]]. In December 1789 he massed troops at [[Coimbatore]], and on 28 December [[Battle of the Nedumkotta|made an attack]] on the lines of Travancore, knowing that Travancore was (according to the [[Treaty of Mangalore]]) an ally of the [[British East India Company]].{{sfn|Wenger|2017|pp=11–}} On account of the staunch resistance by the Travancore army, Tipu was unable to break through the Tranvancore lines and the Maharajah of Travancore appealed to the East India Company for help. In response, [[Charles Cornwallis, 1st Marquess Cornwallis|Lord Cornwallis]] mobilised company and British military forces, and formed alliances with the Marathas and the Nizam of Hyderabad to oppose Tipu. In 1790 the company forces advanced, taking control of much of the Coimbatore district.{{sfn|Wenger|2017|pp=11–}} Tipu counter-attacked, regaining much of the territory, although the British continued to hold Coimbatore itself. He then descended into the Carnatic, eventually reaching [[Pondicherry (city)|Pondicherry]], where he attempted without success to draw the French into the conflict.{{sfn|Wenger|2017|pp=11–}}

In 1791 his opponents advanced on all fronts, with the main British force under Cornwallis [[Siege of Bangalore|taking Bangalore]] and threatening Srirangapatna. Tipu harassed the British supply and communication and embarked on a "scorched earth" policy of denying local resources to the British.{{sfn|Wenger|2017|pp=11–}} In this last effort he was successful, as the lack of provisions forced Cornwallis to withdraw to Bangalore rather than attempt a siege of Srirangapatna. Following the withdrawal, Tipu sent forces to Coimbatore, which they retook [[Siege of Coimbatore|after a lengthy siege]].{{sfn|Wenger|2017|pp=11–}}

The 1792 campaign was a failure for Tipu. The allied army was well-supplied, and Tipu was unable to prevent the junction of forces from Bangalore and Bombay before Srirangapatna.{{sfn|Wenger|2017|pp=11–}} After [[Siege of Seringapatam (1792)|about two weeks of siege]], Tipu opened negotiations for terms of surrender. In the [[Treaty of Seringapatam|ensuing treaty]], he was forced to cede half his territories to the allies,{{sfn|Chisholm|1911}} and deliver two of his sons as hostages until he paid in full three crores and thirty lakhs rupees fixed as war indemnity to the British for the campaign against him. He paid the amount in two instalments and got back his sons from Madras.{{sfn|Wenger|2017|pp=11–}}