Editing Timeline of historic inventions (section)

====5th century BC====
* '''500 – 200 BC:''' [[Stirrup#Precursors|Toe stirrup]], depicted in 2nd century Buddhist art, of the Sanchi and Bhaja Caves, of the Deccan [[Satavahana dynasty|Satavahana empire]] (modern-day India)<ref>[https://archive.org/details/saddles00beat/page/28 ''Saddles'', Author Russel H. Beatie, Publisher University of Oklahoma Press, 1981], {{ISBN|080611584X}}, 9780806115849 P.28</ref><ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=xa7zPNkxswQC&pg=PA14 White, Lynn Townsend. ''Medieval Technology and Social Change'', Publisher Oxford University Press, 1964], {{ISBN|0195002660}}, 9780195002669 P.14</ref> although may have originated as early as 500 BC.<ref>Chamberlin, J. Edward (2007). ''Horse: How the Horse Has Shaped Civilizations''. [[Moscow]]: Olma Media Group. {{ISBN|1-904955-36-3}}.</ref>
* '''485 BC:''' [[Catapult]] by [[Ajatashatru]] in [[Magadha (Mahajanapada)|Magadha]], [[India]].<ref name = "Ajatashatru">Singh, Upinder (2016), ''A History of Ancient and Early Medieval India: From the Stone Age to the 12th Century'', Pearson PLC, {{ISBN|978-81-317-1677-9}}</ref><ref name="aja_date">Jain, Kailash Chand (1991), ''Lord Mahāvīra and His Times'', Motilal Banarsidass, {{ISBN|978-81-208-0805-8}}</ref>
* '''485 BC:''' Scythed chariot by [[Ajatashatru]] in [[Magadha (Mahajanapada)|Magadha]], [[India]].<ref name="Ajatashatru"/><ref name="aja_date" />
* '''5th century BC:''' [[Cast iron]] in [[History of China#Ancient China|Ancient China]]: Confirmed by archaeological evidence, the earliest cast iron is developed in China by the early 5th century BC during the [[Zhou dynasty]] (1122–256 BC), the oldest specimens found in a tomb of Luhe County in [[Jiangsu]] province.<ref name="wagner 7 36 37 64 68">Wagner (2001), 7, 36–37, 64–68. 335.</ref><ref>Ebrey, Walthall, and Palais (2006), 30.</ref><ref name="pigott 1999 177">Pigott (1999), 177.</ref>
* '''480 BC:''' [[Spiral stairs]] (Temple A) in [[Selinunte]], [[Sicily]] (see also [[List of ancient spiral stairs]])<ref>Beckmann, Martin (2002): "The 'Columnae Coc(h)lides' of Trajan and Marcus Aurelius", ''[[Phoenix (classics journal)|Phoenix]]'', Vol. 56, No. 3/4, pp.&nbsp;348–357 (354)</ref><ref>Ruggeri, Stefania (2006): "Selinunt", Edizioni Affinità Elettive, Messina, {{ISBN|88-8405-079-0}}, p.&nbsp;77</ref>
* '''By 407 BC:''' Early descriptions of what may be a [[Wheelbarrow]] in Greece.<ref>M. J. T. Lewis, "The Origins of the Wheelbarrow", ''[[Technology and Culture]]'', Vol. 35, No. 3. (July 1994), pp.&nbsp;470</ref> First actual depiction of one (tomb mural) shows up in [[China]] in 118 AD.<ref>[[Joseph Needham|Needham, Joseph]] (1965). ''Science and Civilisation in China: Volume 4, Physics and Physical Technology, Part 2, Mechanical Engineering''; rpr. Taipei: Caves Books Ltd., page 265</ref>
* '''By 400 BC:''' [[Camera obscura]] described by Mo-tzu (or [[Mozi]]) in China.<ref>{{Cite web|title=What is a camera obscura?|url=https://www.camera-obscura.co.uk/article/what-is-a-camera-obscura|access-date=7 January 2022|website=Camera Obscura and World of Illusions Edinburgh|language=en-GB}}</ref>