Editing Tijuana (section)

==Demographics==
{{More citations needed section|date=April 2018}}
{{Historical populations
|1980 |461267
|1985 |584267
|1990 |698752
|1995 |966097
|2000 |1210820
|2005 |1410687
|2010 |1559683
|2015 |1641570
|2020 |1922523
|footnote=sources:<ref name=2008population>{{cite web|url=http://citypopulation.de/Mexico-BajaCalifornia.html|title=MEXICO: Baja California|date=8 January 2012|publisher=Citypopulation.de|access-date=1 June 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111208155835/http://citypopulation.de/Mexico-BajaCalifornia.html|archive-date=8 December 2011|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>Note for 2010, much of the 5-year growth has occurred in the [[Tijuana (municipality)|municipality]] of Tijuana (suburbs) rather than the city itself as the urban fringe expands as people escape into isolated suburban subdivisions due to drug violence.  2020 data is for municipality rather than locality.</ref>
}}

Tijuana has a diverse [[Multiculturalism|cosmopolitan]] population which includes migrants from other parts of Mexico and from all over the world. Tijuana has one of Mexico's largest Asian populations, predominantly consisting of Chinese immigrants. Tijuana also has a large and rapidly growing population of [[United States|Americans]], mostly from Southern California. Many Latin Americans, notably [[Cubans]], and [[Guatemalans]], have made Tijuana their home. The city also has many [[Lebanon|Lebanese]], Italian, French and Spanish citizens. Recently, the city has received a large influx of [[Haitian Mexicans|Haitian]] immigrants.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sandiegouniontribune.com/news/border-baja-california/sd-me-haitians-tijuana-20171026-story.html|title=Article|website=Sandiegouniontribune.com|date=27 October 2017|access-date=14 May 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180514213553/http://www.sandiegouniontribune.com/news/border-baja-california/sd-me-haitians-tijuana-20171026-story.html|archive-date=14 May 2018|url-status=live}}</ref>

{{multiple image
| total_width       = 250
| align             = left
| perrow            = 2
| image1            = San Francisco de Asis (Tijuana).jpg
| caption1          = San Francisco de Asís Church, built in 1959
| image2            = Catedral Tijuana Nuestra Señora de Guadalupe.JPG
| caption2          = Our Lady of Guadalupe Cathedral of the [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Tijuana|Catholic Archdiocese of Tijuana]]
| image3            = Templo Tijuana Mexico (cropped).jpg
| caption3          = [[Tijuana Mexico Temple]] of the [[the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints|LDS Church]]
| image4            = Zona Centro, 22000 Tijuana, B.C., Mexico - panoramio (8) (cropped).jpg
| caption4          = Imaculada Concepción Church
}}

The majority of Tijuana's migrant Mexican population hail from [[Sinaloa]], [[Michoacán]], [[Jalisco]], [[Oaxaca]], and the [[Mexican Federal District|Federal District]]. Because of the diversity of Mexico and the influx of immigrants from almost every region in the country, there are no accurate estimates on ethnicity or race of the current population. The heavy influx of immigrants to the city and municipality of Tijuana has led to job creation in the form of over 700 twin-plant (maquiladora) factories, which serve as the basis of employment for the majority of the working-class people in northern Mexico. The high poverty level in Tijuana is attributed to the city's "magnet status" for people who have come from the poorer south of the nation and citizens from other nations seeking to escape from extreme poverty. Tijuana holds a status that provides the possibility of employment as well as higher education and the dream of crossing the border. Tijuana and Baja California in general have much stronger economies and higher incomes than other Mexican cities along the United States border, as well as more moderate weather.

[[File:Iglesia. Col. Francisco Villa - panoramio (cropped).jpg|thumb|right|Señor de Misericordia Church]]

Tijuana today is one of the fastest-growing cities in Mexico, with an average of 80,000 people moving to Tijuana yearly.{{citation needed|date=December 2015}} In terms of area, the city grows by approximately three [[hectares]] a day, mostly east and south as the city is mostly built out to the beach already with the exception of some canyons.{{citation needed|date=December 2015}} Along with settlements separated from Tijuana proper and other communities unimproved land, big business moves in providing supermarkets and retail to marginal areas, along with paved roads. The city experiences the construction of 26,000 new settlers a year{{citation needed|date=December 2015}} that has led to the unregulated, illegal [[squatter]] homes that takes place in the hills and valleys of ever expanding Tijuana, most of these areas are still without city services like sidewalks, paving, streetlights, and public transit. This is an ongoing process: as older and existing squatter areas are brought into the city services, more marginal areas become occupied by squatters.

National Population Council (CONAPO) data has estimated that by 2030, growth rates maintaining, the city will become the second-largest in Mexico and anchor to the fourth largest metropolitan area in Mexico. The suburban sprawl observed in Tijuana leaves the downtown and beach areas relatively affluent.

While the [[INEGI]] Census 2010 placed Tijuana's population at 1.3 million, only two percent more than in 2005 Census, Tijuana City Council estimates from 2010 place the population closer to two million, at 1.6 million.<ref>{{cite news |title=Tijuana Striving for Better Days |url=http://www.signonsandiego.com/news/2010/oct/07/tijuana-striving-for-better-days/ |newspaper=San Diego Union-Tribune |access-date=9 May 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110429141036/http://www.signonsandiego.com/news/2010/oct/07/tijuana-striving-for-better-days/ |archive-date=29 April 2011 |url-status=live}}</ref>

{{As of|2005}} the large majority of the city's population, 96%, adhere to the beliefs of [[Christianity]]. The denominations are further divided into followers of [[Catholicism]] – 61% – and of [[Protestantism]] – 35%. While other beliefs occupying a 4% margin in the city include [[Taoism]] (among other Asian and European religions), [[atheism]] and [[agnosticism]] is also found.

===Crime===

Tijuana is the birthplace and base of the [[Tijuana Cartel]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Tijuana Cartel|url=https://sites.google.com/site/violenceacrosstheborder/announcements/tijuana-cartel|access-date=25 September 2011|newspaper=Violence across the border}}</ref> From 2007 through 2010, Tijuana experienced a high level of violent [[Crime in Mexico|crime]] related to gang violence, in part derived from the [[Mexican drug war]] and [[human trafficking]]. Homicides peaked in 2010, when 844 people were killed,<ref name="reuters.com">{{cite news |title=Tijuana violence slows as one cartel takes control |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-mexico-drugs-tijuana-idUSTRE7844EX20110905 |date=5 September 2011 |first=Lizbeth |last=Diaz |publisher=Thomson Reuters |access-date=2 July 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924155012/http://www.reuters.com/article/2011/09/05/us-mexico-drugs-tijuana-idUSTRE7844EX20110905 |archive-date=24 September 2015 |url-status=live}}</ref> compared with 355 in 2004<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.signonsandiego.com/news/mexico/tijuana/20050524-9999-1n24tjmurder.html |title=Days are grueling and grisly for Tijuana's homicide cop |newspaper=San Diego Union-Tribune |date=24 May 2005 |first=Anna |last=Cearley |access-date=28 February 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070702062105/http://www.signonsandiego.com/news/mexico/tijuana/20050524-9999-1n24tjmurder.html |archive-date=2 July 2007 |url-status=live}}</ref> and 349 in the first eight months of 2011.<ref name="reuters.com"/> Reportedly, the wave of violence resulted from a [[wikt:turf war|turf war]] as the administration of President [[Felipe Calderón]] weakened the local [[Ramón Arellano Félix|Arellano Félix]] cartel; violence slowed when the larger [[Sinaloa cartel]] took control.<ref name="reuters.com"/>

During the peak years of violent crime in the city, gun battles between rival cartels, and between cartels and the police, erupted in public. In April 2008, police found 1,500 shell casings on various streets after one battle left 13 suspected drug traffickers dead.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.cnn.com/2008/WORLD/americas/04/26/tijuana.shootout.ap/index.html?iref=newssearch |title=13 dead in Tijuana shootouts |publisher=CNN |access-date=27 April 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080527140953/http://www.cnn.com/2008/WORLD/americas/04/26/tijuana.shootout.ap/index.html?iref=newssearch |archive-date=27 May 2008 |url-status=dead}}</ref> In 2009 and depending on the source, Tijuana Municipality experienced either 556 or 1,118 murders, mostly as a result of the [[Mexican drug war|drug war]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.transparenciabc.gob.mx/wps/wcm/resources/file/ebcf1c4875af1a6/inci_dic%2009_Tijuana.pdf |title=Denuncias Registradas Ante Agencias del Ministerio Publico del Fuero Comun |access-date=20 February 2011 |publisher=Portal de Transparencia del Gobierno del Estado de Baja California |language=es |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110722225533/http://www.transparenciabc.gob.mx/wps/wcm/resources/file/ebcf1c4875af1a6/inci_dic%2009_Tijuana.pdf |archive-date=22 July 2011 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.inegi.org.mx/est/contenidos/espanol/proyectos/continuas/vitales/bd/mortalidad/MortalidadGeneral.asp?s=est&c=11144 |title=Estadísticas de Mortalidad |access-date=14 September 2011 |publisher=Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Geografía |language=es |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111028162638/http://www.inegi.org.mx/est/contenidos/espanol/proyectos/continuas/vitales/bd/mortalidad/MortalidadGeneral.asp?s=est&c=11144 |archive-date=28 October 2011 |url-status=live}}</ref>

There were 492 murders in 2013, a 48% increase in the homicide rate between 2012 and 2013. This was the highest number of murders since 2010.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.osac.gov/Content/Browse/Report|title=Reports|website=Osac.gov}}</ref> By the end of 2017, the number of murders in Tijuana increased to 1,744, which was almost double those in 2016.<ref>{{cite news |last=Dibble |first=Sandra |date=14 January 2018 |title=Control for street drug trade pushes Tijuana to grisly new record: 1,744 homicides |url=http://www.sandiegouniontribune.com/news/border-baja-california/sd-me-homicides-tijuana-20180102-story.html |work=San Diego Union-Tribune |location=United States |access-date=6 April 2018}}<br />{{cite news |agency=Los Angeles Times |date=14 January 2018 |title=Violence in Tijuana Continues After Unprecedented Number of Homicides Recorded in 2017 |url=http://ktla.com/2018/01/14/violence-in-tijuana-continues-after-unprecedented-number-of-homicides-recorded-in-2017/ |work=KTLA |location=Los Angeles, United States}}</ref>

In 2018, [[OECD]] data recorded 2,253 homicides in Tijuana, equivalent to 129.8 per 100,000 inhabitants.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Metropolitan areas: Crime |url=https://stats.oecd.org/Index.aspx?QueryId=97151# |access-date=1 September 2022 |website=[[OECD]]}}</ref>

In May 2022, [[Statista]] data reported Tijuana as having the second highest homicide rate in the world at 138 per 100,000 inhabitants.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=World's most dangerous cities, by murder rate 2022 |url=https://www.statista.com/statistics/243797/ranking-of-the-most-dangerous-cities-in-the-world-by-murder-rate-per-capita/ |access-date=1 September 2022 |website=Statista}}</ref>