Editing Tiberias (section)

===Crusader period===
[[File:Keverambam.jpg|thumb|The tomb of [[Maimonides]]]]

During the [[First Crusade]] Tiberias was occupied by the [[Franks]] soon after the capture of [[Jerusalem]]. The city was given in fief to [[Tancred, Prince of Galilee|Tancred]], who made it his capital of the [[Principality of Galilee]] in the [[Kingdom of Jerusalem]]; the region was sometimes called the Principality of Tiberias, or the Tiberiad.<ref>Richard, Jean (1999) ''The Crusades c. 1071-c 1291'', Cambridge University Press, {{ISBN|0-521-62369-3}} p 71</ref> In 1099 the original site of the city was abandoned, and settlement shifted north to the present location.{{Citation needed|date=July 2022}} [[St. Peter's Church, Tiberias|St. Peter's Church]], originally built by the Crusaders, is still standing today, although the building has been altered and reconstructed over the years.

In the late 12th century Tiberias' Jewish community numbered 50 Jewish families, headed by rabbis,<ref>"Journey of [[Benjamin of Tudela]] in Palestine and Syria, {{circa|1170}}" in Yaari, p.[https://www.hebrewbooks.org/pdfpager.aspx?req=36832&st=%D7%98%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%94&pgnum=43&hilite= 44] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200304001907/https://www.hebrewbooks.org/pdfpager.aspx?req=36832&st=%D7%98%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%94&pgnum=43&hilite= |date=2020-03-04 }}</ref> and at that time the best manuscripts of the [[Torah]] were said to be found there.<ref name="Jewish Encyclopedia: Tiberias2" /> In the 12th-century, the city was the subject of negative undertones in Islamic tradition. A ''[[hadith]]'' recorded by Ibn Asakir of Damascus (d. 1176) names Tiberias as one of the "four cities of hell."<ref name="LaiouMottahedeh20012">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YTAhPw3SjxIC&pg=PA63 |title=The Crusades from the perspective of Byzantium and the Muslim world |publisher=Dumbarton Oaks |year=2001 |isbn=978-0-88402-277-0 |page=63 |quote=This hadith is also found in the bibliographical work of the Damascene Ibn ‘Asakir (d. 571/1176), although slightly modified: the four cities of paradise are Mecca, Medina, Jerusalem and Damascus; and the four cities of hell are Constantinople, Tabariyya, Antioch and San'a.|author1=Angeliki E. Laiou |author1-link=Angeliki Laiou |author2=Roy P. Mottahedeh |author2-link=Roy Mottahedeh |access-date=17 October 2010 |archive-date=22 July 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110722054810/http://books.google.com/books?id=YTAhPw3SjxIC&pg=PA63 |url-status=live}}</ref> This could have been reflecting the fact that at the time, the town had a notable non-Muslim population.<ref name="Gil19972">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=M0wUKoMJeccC&pg=PA175|title=A history of Palestine, 634–1099|publisher=Cambridge University Press|year=1997|isbn=978-0-521-59984-9|page=175; ft. 49|author=Moshe Gil|access-date=17 October 2010|archive-date=22 June 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130622004720/http://books.google.com/books?id=M0wUKoMJeccC&pg=PA175|url-status=live}}</ref>

In 1187, [[Saladin]] ordered his son [[Al-Afdal ibn Salah ad-Din|al-Afdal]] to send an envoy to Count [[Raymond III of Tripoli|Raymond of Tripoli]] requesting safe passage through his fiefdom of Galilee and Tiberias. Raymond was obliged to grant the request under the terms of his treaty with Saladin. Saladin's force left [[Caesarea Philippi]] to engage the fighting force of the [[Knights Templar]]. The Templar force was destroyed in [[Battle of Cresson|the encounter]]. Saladin then [[Siege|besieged]] Tiberias; after six days the town fell. On 4 July 1187 Saladin defeated the Crusaders coming to relieve Tiberias at the [[Battle of Hattin]], {{convert|10|km|0|abbr=off}} outside the city.<ref>Wilson, John Francis. (2004) Caesarea Philippi: Banias, the Lost City of Pan I.B.Tauris, {{ISBN|1-85043-440-9}} p 148</ref> However, during the [[Third Crusade]], the Crusaders drove the Muslims out of the city and reoccupied it.

Rabbi Moshe ben Maimon, ([[Maimonides]]) also known as Rambam, a leading Jewish legal scholar, philosopher and physician of his period, died in 1204 in [[Egypt]] and was later buried in Tiberias. His tomb is one of the city's important pilgrimage sites. [[Yaqut al-Hamawi|Yakut]], writing in the 1220s, described Tiberias as a small town, long and narrow. He also describes the "hot salt springs, over which they have built [[Turkish bath|Hammams]] which use no fuel."