Editing Tetracycline (section)

=== Discovery ===
The tetracyclines, a large family of antibiotics, were discovered by [[Benjamin Minge Duggar]] in 1948 as natural products, and first prescribed in 1948.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Chemistry and chemical biology of tetracyclines |url=http://www.chm.bris.ac.uk/motm/tetracycline/tetracycline.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070617003719/http://www.chm.bris.ac.uk/motm/tetracycline/tetracycline.htm |archive-date=17 June 2007 |access-date=20 June 2007 |vauthors=Klajn R}} {{better source needed|date=March 2017}}</ref> Benjamin Duggar, working under [[Yellapragada Subbarow]] at [[American Cyanamid|Lederle Laboratories]], discovered the first tetracycline antibiotic, [[chlortetracycline]] (Aureomycin), in 1945.<ref>{{Cite journal |vauthors=Jukes TH |date=1985 |title=Some historical notes on chlortetracycline |journal=Reviews of Infectious Diseases |volume=7 |issue=5 |pages=702–707 |doi=10.1093/clinids/7.5.702 |jstor=4453725 |pmid=3903946}}</ref> The structure of Aureomycin was elucidated in 1952 and published in 1954 by the Pfizer-Woodward group.<ref>{{Cite journal |vauthors=Stephens CR, Conover LH, Pasternack R, Hochstein FA, Moreland WT, Regna PP, Pilgrim FJ, Brunings KJ, Woodward RB |date=July 1954 |title=The Structure of Aureomycin 1 |url=https://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/ja01642a064 |journal=Journal of the American Chemical Society |language=en |volume=76 |issue=13 |pages=3568–3575 |bibcode=1954JAChS..76.3568S |doi=10.1021/ja01642a064 |issn=0002-7863}}</ref> After the discovery of the structure, researchers at [[Pfizer]] began chemically modifying aureomycin by treating it with hydrogen in the presence of a [[Palladium on carbon|palladized carbon catalyst]]. This [[chemical]] reaction replaced a chlorine moiety with a hydrogen, creating a compound named tetracycline via [[hydrogenolysis]].<ref>{{Cite journal |vauthors=Conover LH, Moreland WT, English AR, Stephens CR, Pilgrim FJ |date=September 1953 |title=Terramycin. Xi. Tetracycline |url=https://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/ja01114a537 |journal=Journal of the American Chemical Society |language=en |volume=75 |issue=18 |pages=4622–4623 |bibcode=1953JAChS..75.4622C |doi=10.1021/ja01114a537 |issn=0002-7863}}</ref> Tetracycline displayed higher potency, better solubility, and more favorable pharmacology than the other antibiotics in its class, leading to its FDA approval in 1954. The new compound was one of the first commercially successful semi-synthetic antibiotics that was used, and laid the foundation for the development of Sancycline, [[Minocycline]], and later the [[Glycylcycline]]s.<ref name="History">{{Cite journal |vauthors=Nelson ML, Levy SB |date=December 2011 |title=The history of the tetracyclines |journal=Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences |volume=1241 |issue=1 |pages=17–32 |bibcode=2011NYASA1241...17N |doi=10.1111/j.1749-6632.2011.06354.x |pmid=22191524 |s2cid=34647314}}</ref>