Editing Telephus (section)

==Wives and offspring==
[[File:Neoptolemos_Eurypylos_Martin-von-Wagner-Museum_L309.jpg|right|thumb|250x250px|[[Neoptolemus]] killing Eurypylus [[Attica]] [[black-figure]] [[hydria]] by the [[Antimenes Painter]], 550&ndash;500 BC, [[Martin von Wagner Museum]] L&nbsp;309.<ref>[[Beazley Archive]] [http://www.beazley.ox.ac.uk/record/66618CAC-FB29-4BE4-B356-4D354E787365 320038]; ''[[Lexicon Iconographicum Mythologiae Classicae|LIMC]]'' [https://www.iconiclimc.ch/visitors/treeshow.php?source=139&image_id=25554&term=eurypylos Eurypylos I 3].</ref>]]

The earliest mention of Telephus, which occurs in [[Homer]]'s ''[[Odyssey]]'' (c. eighth century BC), says that Telephus had a son [[Eurypylus (son of Telephus)|Eurypylus]], who died at [[Troy]].<ref>[[Homer]], ''[[Odyssey]]'' [https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0012.tlg002.perseus-eng1:11.486-11.537 11.519&ndash;521]. See also ''[[Little Iliad]]'' fr. 7 West, [https://www.loebclassics.com/view/greek_epic_fragments_trojan_cycle_little_iliad/2003/pb_LCL497.131.xml pp. 130, 131] = [[Pausanias (geographer)|Pausanias]] [https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Paus.+3.26.9 3.26.9]; Proclus, [https://chs.harvard.edu/primary-source/epic-cycle-sb/ Summary of the ''Little Iliad''] = ''Little Iliad'' argument 3 West, [https://www.loebclassics.com/view/greek_epic_fragments_trojan_cycle_little_iliad/2003/pb_LCL497.123.xml pp. 122, 123]; [[Bibliotheca (Pseudo-Apollodorus)|Apollodorus]], [https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Apollod.+Epit.+E.5.12 E.5.12].  For discussions of Eurypylus, see Gantz, pp. 640&ndash;641; Hard, p. [https://books.google.com/books?id=r1Y3xZWVlnIC&pg=PA472 472]. For Telephus' genealogy see Parada, s.v. Telephus p. 172.</ref> Nothing is said there about who Eurypylus' mother was, but all ancient sources that do mention Eurypylus' mother say that she was [[Astyoche]], who was (usually) Priam's sister.<ref>Fowler 2013, [https://books.google.com/books?id=scd8AQAAQBAJ&pg=PA542 p. 542]; Gantz, p. 640; [[Acusilaus]], fr. 40 Fowler = ''FGrH'' 2F40 = Schol. ''Odyssey'' 11.520 (Fowler 2000, pp. 25&ndash;26, Dowden, [https://books.google.com/books?id=_XsN0O_BQ0cC&pg=PA58 p. 58]); [[Sophocles]], ''Eurypylus'' (Lloyd-Jones, [https://books.google.com/books?id=voiup-mz2CkC&pg=PA82 pp. 82&ndash;95]), fr. 211 has Astyoche call Priam her brother (Lloyd-Jones, [https://books.google.com/books?id=voiup-mz2CkC&pg=PA92 pp. 92, 93]); [[Maurus Servius Honoratus|Servius]], On [[Virgil]]'s ''[[Eclogues]]'' [https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A2007.01.0091%3Apoem%3D6%3Acommline%3D72 6.72]; [[Quintus Smyrnaeus]], [https://archive.org/stream/falloftroy00quin#page/264/mode/2up 6.136]. [[Bibliotheca (Pseudo-Apollodorus)|Apollodorus]], [http://data.perseus.org/citations/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0548.tlg001.perseus-eng1:3.12.3 3.12.3] has Astyoche as Priam's sister, but Apollodorus never names Eurypylus' mother, while [[Dictys Cretensis]] 2.5 (Frazer, p. 40) has Astyoche as Eurypylus' mother,  but says that she was Priam's daughter.</ref> Eurypylus led a large force of Mysians to fight on the side of [[Troy]] during the final stages of the [[Trojan War]].<ref>[[Bibliotheca (Pseudo-Apollodorus)|Apollodorus]], [https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Apollod.+Epit.+E.5.12 E.5.12]; [[Quintus Smyrnaeus]], [https://archive.org/stream/falloftroy00quin#page/264/mode/2up 6.120].</ref> Eurypylus was a great warrior, and killed many opponents, including [[Machaon (physician)|Machaon]]<ref>''[[Little Iliad]]'' fr. 7 West, [https://www.loebclassics.com/view/greek_epic_fragments_trojan_cycle_little_iliad/2003/pb_LCL497.131.xml pp. 130, 131] = [[Pausanias (geographer)|Pausanias]] [https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Paus.+3.26.9 3.26.9]; [[Gaius Julius Hyginus|Hyginus]], ''[[Fabulae]]'' 113; [[Quintus Smyrnaeus]], [https://archive.org/stream/falloftroy00quin#page/282/mode/2up 6.407&ndash;428]. Compare with [[Bibliotheca (Pseudo-Apollodorus)|Apollodorus]], [https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Apollod.+Epit.+E.5.1 E.5.1], which has [[Penthesilea]] kill Machaon.</ref> and [[Nireus]],<ref>[[Gaius Julius Hyginus|Hyginus]], ''[[Fabulae]]'' 113; [[Quintus Smyrnaeus]], [https://archive.org/stream/falloftroy00quin#page/280/mode/2up 6.368&ndash;389].</ref> but was finally killed by [[Achilles]]' son [[Neoptolemus]].<ref>[[Homer]], ''[[Odyssey]]'' [https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0012.tlg002.perseus-eng1:11.486-11.537 11.519&ndash;521]; [[Gaius Julius Hyginus|Hyginus]], ''[[Fabulae]]'' 112;  [[Strabo]], [https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Strab.+13.1.7 13.1.7]; [[Bibliotheca (Pseudo-Apollodorus)|Apollodorus]], [https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Apollod.+Epit.+E.5.12 E.5.12]; [[Quintus Smyrnaeus]], [https://archive.org/stream/falloftroy00quin#page/360/mode/2up 8.195&ndash;216].</ref> The irony of Achilles' son killing Telephus' son using the same spear that Achilles had used to both wound and heal Telephus, apparently figured in Sophocles' lost play ''Eurypylus''.<ref>Gantz, p. 641; [[Sophocles]], ''Eurypylus'' frs. 210.24, 26&ndash;29 (Lloyd-Jones, pp. 86, 87 with note a, 88, 89), 211.10&ndash;13 (Lloyd-Jones, pp. 94, 95). According to Proclus, [http://www.stoa.org/hopper/text.jsp?doc=Stoa%3Atext%3A2003.01.0004%3Aaccount%3D3&highlight=telephos Summary of the ''Little Iliad''] = ''Little Iliad'' argument 3 West, [https://www.loebclassics.com/view/greek_epic_fragments_trojan_cycle_little_iliad/2003/pb_LCL497.123.xml pp. 122, 123], Eurypylus received his father's spear from Odysseus upon his arrival at Troy.</ref> According to [[Maurus Servius Honoratus|Servius]], Eurypylus had a son, Grynus, who became king in Mysia and was known as the eponym of [[Gryneion]] and the founder of [[Pergamon]].<ref>Dignas, [https://books.google.com/books?id=kvC0FFuP9o0C&pg=PA120 p. 120]; Grimal, s.v. Grynus, p. 176; [[Maurus Servius Honoratus|Servius]] on [[Virgil]]'s ''[[Eclogues]]'' [https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A2007.01.0091%3Apoem%3D6%3Acommline%3D72 6.72].</ref> Another son of Telephus, according to Servius was [[Cyparissus]], who later became one of [[Apollo]]'s male lovers.<ref>''[[Brill's New Pauly]]'', [https://referenceworks.brillonline.com/entries/brill-s-new-pauly/cyparissus-e626340 s.v. Cyparissus]; Servius, ''Commentary on the Aeneid of [[Virgil]]'' [http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.02.0053%3Abook%3D3%3Acommline%3D680 3.680].</ref>
 
Three other wives are given for Telephus, with no mention of offspring. According to Hyginus (as mentioned above) Telephus' wife was Priam's daughter [[Laodice (daughter of Priam)|Laodice]].<ref>[[Gaius Julius Hyginus|Hyginus]], ''[[Fabulae]]'' 101.</ref> According to [[Diodorus Siculus]], Telephus married [[Agriope]] a daughter of Teuthras.<ref>[[Diodorus Siculus]], [https://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Diodorus_Siculus/4B*.html#33 4.33.12].</ref> While [[Philostratus]] says that Hiera, the leader of a contingent of Mysian women cavalry, killed in battle by [[Nireus]], was the wife of Telephus.<ref>[[Philostratus]], ''On Heroes'' [https://chs.harvard.edu/primary-source/flavius-philostratus-on-heroes/#phil_her_text_263_TOP 23.26&ndash;29].</ref> The Amazon-like Hiera had already been portrayed, on horseback, leading the Mysian women into battle, on the second-century BC [[Telephus frieze]] of the [[Pergamon Altar]].<ref>Heres, pp. 86&ndash;89.</ref>

Three other offspring of Telephus are given which link Telephus with Italian myths.<ref>Grimal, s.v. Telephus p. 438.</ref> In [[Lycophron]]'s ''Alexandra'', the legendary founders of the [[Etruscan civilization#Etruscan League|Etruscan Dodecapolis]], [[Tarchon]] and [[Tyrrhenus|Tyrensus]] (also spelled Tyrrhenus) are the sons of Telephus.<ref>[[Lycophron]], ''Alexandra'' [https://archive.org/stream/callimachuslycop00calluoft#page/596/mode/2up 1242&ndash;1249].</ref> That Tyrrhenus was said to be the son of Telephus is also reported by [[Dionysius of Halicarnassus]].<ref>[[Dionysius of Halicarnassus]], [https://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Dionysius_of_Halicarnassus/1B*.html#28 1.28.1].</ref> Neither Lycophron nor Dionysius mention the name of their mother, although apparently according to some, their mother was Hiera.<ref>Grimal, s.v. Telephus p. 438; Smith, [https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0104%3Aalphabetic+letter%3DT%3Aentry+group%3D3%3Aentry%3Dtelephus-bio-1 s.v. Telephus].</ref> [[Plutarch]] says that, according to one account, Telephus was the father of a daughter, Roma, from whom the city of [[Rome]] took its name.<ref>[[Plutarch]], ''Romulus'' [https://www.loebclassics.com/view/plutarch-lives_romulus/1914/pb_LCL046.93.xml?result=57&rskey=pPm1Xy 2.1.5].</ref>