Editing System on a chip (section)

==== Interfaces ====
SoCs include external [[Electrical connector|interfaces]], typically for [[communication protocol]]s. These are often based upon industry standards such as [[USB]], [[Ethernet]], [[Universal synchronous and asynchronous receiver-transmitter|USART]], [[Serial Peripheral Interface|SPI]], [[HDMI]], [[I²C]], [[Camera Serial Interface|CSI]], etc. These interfaces will differ according to the intended application. [[Wireless network]]ing protocols such as [[Wi-Fi]], [[Bluetooth]], [[6LoWPAN]] and [[near-field communication]] may also be supported.

When needed, SoCs include [[Analog signal|analog]] interfaces including [[Analog-to-digital converter|analog-to-digital]] and [[digital-to-analog converter]]s, often for [[signal processing]]. These may be able to interface with different types of [[sensor]]s or [[actuator]]s, including [[smart transducer]]s. They may interface with application-specific [[modularity|modules]] or shields.<ref group="nb">In [[embedded system]]s, "shields" are analogous to [[expansion card]]s for [[Personal computer|PCs]]. They often fit over a [[microcontroller]] such as an [[Arduino]] or [[single-board computer]] such as the [[Raspberry Pi]] and function as [[peripheral]]s for the device.</ref> Or they may be internal to the SoC, such as if an analog sensor is built in to the SoC and its readings must be converted to digital signals for mathematical processing.