Editing Synclavier (section)

== Models and options ==

=== Prototype ===
* '''Dartmouth Digital Synthesizer''' (1973)<ref name="dartmouth" />

=== Processor ===
* '''ABLE computer''' (1975): an early product of New England Digital, was a 16-bit [[minicomputer]] on two cards, using a [[Transport triggered architecture#Implementations|transport-triggered architecture]].<ref>
   {{cite book
    | title     = ABLE Series Hardware Reference Manual
    | url       = https://books.google.com/books?id=3RLUtgAACAAJ
    | publisher = New England Digital Corporation, 110pp
   |year = 1978}}
</ref><ref>
   {{cite book
    | title     = Creating Programs for ABLE Series Computers
    | url       = https://books.google.com/books?id=XNYLtwAACAAJ
    | publisher = New England Digital Corporation, 1978, 39pp
   |year = 1978}}
</ref> It used a variant of [[XPL]] called Scientific XPL for programming.<ref name="processor">
{{cite book
 | title	= Scientific XPL for New England Digital Corporation's ABLE Series Computers
 | url  	= https://books.google.com/books?id=NuQFtwAACAAJ
 | publisher	= New England Digital Corporation, 1978, 74pp
|year = 1978}}
</ref> Early applications of the ABLE were for [[laboratory automation]], data collection, and device control. The commercial version of the Dartmouth Digital Synthesizer, the Synclavier, was built on this processor.<ref name="history">
{{cite web
 | title	= Synclavier Early History
 | url  	= http://www.500sound.com/synclavierhistory.html
 | publisher	= Synclavier European Services 
}}</ref>

=== Digital synthesis cards ===
* The [[FM synthesis|FM]]/[[Additive synthesis]] waveforms are produced by the Synclavier Synthesizer cards (named SS1 through SS5). Each set of these five cards produced 8 mono FM voices (later variants supported stereo). The processor handles sending start-stop-setPitch-setParameter commands to the SS card set(s), as well as handling scanning of the keyboard and control panel. There is little public documentation available on these cards, as their design was the unique asset of the Synclavier. However, their structure was similar to other digital synthesizers of the mid-late 1970s realized in Medium Scale Integration (MSI) hardware, such as the [[Bell Labs Digital Synthesizer]].<ref>
{{cite web
 | title	= Synclavier Hardware
 | url  	= http://www.synclav.com/NED-hardware-home.html
 | publisher	= Synhouse Multimedia 
}}
</ref>

=== Black panel models ===
[[Image:NedcoSynclavier.jpg|thumb|Synclavier I]]
On 1970s&ndash;late 1980s:

* '''Synclavier I''' (1977)<ref name="chadabe2001" />
** '''Hand Operated Processor''' (HOP box): a troubleshooting tool for the Synclavier system, connected to ABLE computer via ''D01 Front Panel Interface Card''.
<gallery>
File:NED HOP box & D01 FPI card.jpg|HOP box and D01 card (for interface)
File:Adm3aimage.jpg|Terminal: [[ADM-3A]] (1975)
</gallery>
[[Image:NedSynclavierII.jpg|thumb|Synclavier II]]
* '''Synclavier II''' (1980): 8-bit [[FM synthesis|FM]]/[[additive synthesis]], 32-track memory recorder, and ORK keyboard. Earlier models were entirely controlled via ORK keyboard with buttons and wheel; a [[VT100]] terminal was subsequently introduced for editing performances. Later models had a [[VT640]] graphic terminal for graphical audio analysis (described below).<ref name="history" />
** '''Original Keyboard''' (ORK, c.1979): original musical keyboard controller in a wooden chassis, with buttons and silver control wheel on the panel.<ref name="history" />
** '''Sample-to-Disk''' (STD, c.1982): a first commercial hard disk streaming [[Sampler (musical instrument)|sampler]], with 16-bit sampling at up to 50&nbsp;kHz.<ref name="history" />
** '''Sample-to-Memory''' (STM): later option to sample sounds and edit them in computer memory.<ref name="manual3" />
** '''Direct-to-Disk''' (DTD, c.1984): an early commercial [[hard disk recording]] system.
** '''Signal File Manager''': a software program operated via [[VT640]] [[Computer terminal#Graphical terminals|graphic terminal]], enabling [[additive resynthesis]] and complex [[audio analysis]].<ref name="history" />
** '''Digital Guitar Interface'''<ref name="joness"/><ref name="G-303"/>
** [[SMPTE timecode]] tracking<ref name="history" />
** [[MIDI]] interface<ref name="history" />
<gallery>
File:NED Synclavier II rear.jpg|Rear panel of Synclavier II
File:Synclavier II ORK EG panel.jpg|ORK: Original Keyboard (c.1980)
File:VT640-1.jpg|Terminal: DEC [[VT100]] <small>(1978)</small> / [[VT640]]<!-- RetroGraphics -->
</gallery>

[[Image:NED Synclavier PSMT, MIM PHX (transformed).jpg|thumb|Synclavier PSMT rack (1984)]]
* '''Synclavier PSMT''' (1984): a faster ABLE Model C processor-based system, with a new 'Multi-Channel-Distribution' real-time digitally controlled analog signal routing technology, and 16-bit RAM-based stereo sampling subsystem. The monaural FM voice card was doubled up and enabling software panning for stereo output was introduced.<ref name="history" />
** '''Velocity/Pressure Keyboard''' (VPK, c.1984): a weighted velocity/after-pressure sensitive musical keyboard controller, was introduced. This had a black piano lacquer finished chassis, a larger display, additional buttons and a silver control wheel.<ref name="history" />
<gallery>
File:NED Synclavier PSMT rack, MIM PHX (transformed).jpg|Synclavier PSMT rack
File:NED Synclavier VPK 2 of 6.jpg|VPK panel (2 of 6)
File:NED Synclavier VPK (Velocity Pressure Keyboard) 1.jpg|VPK: Velocity Pressure Keyboard (1984)
</gallery>

=== Ivory panel models ===
{{multiple image |direction=horizontal |total_width=400
|image1=MacII.jpg|caption1=Terminal: Apple [[Macintosh II]] (1987)
|image2=Synclavier 9600.jpg|caption2=Synclavier 9600 (1988, right)<br/>with CRT monitor on the V/PK
}}
In late 1980s&ndash;1993; operated via [[Macintosh II]] as terminal.<ref name="manual3">{{cite book
 | title	= Synclavier Manual III Reference Guide
 | volume	= III
 | url  	= http://www.synclavier.com/PDF%20Files/Volume%203%20-%20Reference.pdf
 | archive-url	= https://web.archive.org/web/20110718042511/http://www.synclavier.com/PDF%20Files/Volume%203%20-%20Reference.pdf
 | archive-date	= 2011-07-18
 | date 	= February 2007
 | publisher	= Synclavier Digital 
}}</ref>
* Synclavier 3200
* Synclavier 6400
* Synclavier 9600
* Synclavier TS (Tapeless Studio): consists of Synclavier and Direct-to-Disk
* Synclavier Post Pro: consists of Direct-to-Disk
* Synclavier Post Pro SD (Sound Design): consists of small Synclavier and Direct-to-Disk