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=== Sociology === In sociology, methodological holists argue that [[social phenomena]] exist in their own right (sui generis) and are not reducible to the actions of individuals.<ref>Zahle, J, "Methodological Holism in the Social Sciences", The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Summer 2016 Edition), Edward N. Zalta (ed.), URL = https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/sum2016/entries/holism-social/.</ref> For example, [[Emile Durkheim]] argued that the [[suicide rate]] was a social phenomenon sui generis (existing over and above the actions of individuals)<ref>Durkheim, E. (1951) Suicide: a study in sociology. Trans. J. A. Spaulding & G. Simpson. London. Routledge. (2nd. ed. 2002)</ref> In a [[social constructionist]] perspective, "{{lang|la|sui generis}} is what has been externalized, then internalized in the overall public and becomes a part of society that exists in its construct. It is not something that is not thought to have been created because it is embedded in everyone's way of thinking and being. Instances include love, going to school, or clothing belonging to a specific gender. These examples are ''sui generis'' for they exist in society and are widely accepted without thoughts of where they come from or how they were created.<ref name="berger">{{Cite book|title = [[The Social Construction of Reality|The Social Construction Of Reality]]|last1 = Berger|first1 = Peter|publisher = Random House|year = 1966|last2 = Luckman|first2 = Thomas}}</ref>
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