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Stonewall riots
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===Escalation=== The [[Riot control|Tactical Patrol Force]] (TPF) of the New York City Police Department arrived to free the police trapped inside the Stonewall. One officer's eye was cut and a few others were bruised from being struck by flying debris. [[Bob Kohler]], who was walking his dog by the Stonewall that night, saw the TPF arrive: <blockquote>I had been in enough riots to know the fun was over{{nbsp}}... The cops were totally humiliated. This never, ever happened. They were angrier than I guess they had ever been because everybody else had rioted{{nbsp}}... but the fairies were not supposed to riot{{nbsp}}... no group had ever forced cops to retreat before, so the anger was just enormous. I mean, they wanted to kill.{{sfn|Carter|2004|p=175}}</blockquote> With larger numbers, police detained anyone they could and put them in patrol wagons to go to jail, though Inspector Pine recalled, "Fights erupted with the transvestites, who wouldn't go into the patrol wagon." His recollection was corroborated by another witness across the street who said, "All I could see about who was fighting was that it was transvestites and they were fighting furiously."{{sfn|Carter|2004|p=174}} The TPF formed a [[phalanx]] and attempted to clear the streets by marching slowly and pushing the crowd back. The mob openly mocked the police. The crowd cheered, started impromptu [[kick line]]s and sang to the tune of "[[Ta-ra-ra Boom-de-ay]]": "We are the Stonewall girls/ We wear our hair in curls/ We don't wear underwear/ We show our pubic hair."{{sfn|Teal|1971|p=5}}<ref>Sara Warner (2012). ''Acts of Gaiety: LGBT Performance and the Politics of Pleasure''. p. 17 {{ISBN|0472118536}}</ref><ref group="note">Some references have the last line as "...{{nbsp}}pubic hairs" instead.</ref> [[Lucian Truscott IV|Lucian Truscott]] reported in ''The Village Voice'': "A stagnant situation there brought on some gay tomfoolery in the form of a [[chorus line]] facing the line of helmeted and club-carrying cops. Just as the line got into a full kick routine, the TPF advanced again and cleared the crowd of screaming gay power[-]ites down Christopher to Seventh Avenue."{{sfn|Teal|1971|p=6}} One participant who had been in the Stonewall during the raid recalled, "The police rushed us and that's when I realized this is not a good thing to do, because they got me in the back with a [[Baton (law enforcement)|nightstick]]." Another account stated, "I just can't ever get that one sight out of my mind. The cops with the [nightsticks] and the kick line on the other side. It was the most amazing thing{{nbsp}}... And all the sudden that kick line, which I guess was a spoof on the machismo{{nbsp}}... I think that's when I felt rage. Because people were getting smashed with bats. And for what? A kick line."{{sfn|Carter|2004|p=178}} [[Marsha P. Johnson]], an African-American [[Drag queen|street queen]],<ref name="feinberg1">[[Leslie Feinberg|Feinberg, Leslie]] (September 24, 2006). [http://www.workers.org/2006/us/lavender-red-73/ "Street Transvestite Action Revolutionaries"]. [[Workers World Party]]. "Stonewall combatants Sylvia Rivera and Marsha 'Pay It No Mind' Johnson{{nbsp}}... Both were self-identified drag queens."</ref><ref name=MPJQueen>{{cite video |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rjN9W2KstqE |title=Pay It No Mind β The Life and Times of Marsha P. Johnson |time=14:34|access-date=November 26, 2017|quote=I didn't get into it right away; I was like the ''butch makeup queen'', working Greenwich Village. And then I started doing drag.{{nbsp}}... I started becoming a drag queen}}</ref><ref name=doc1>{{cite news|url=http://blogs.indiewire.com/shadowandact/feature-doc-pay-it-no-mind-the-life-times-of-marsha-p-johnson-released-online-watch-it|title=Feature Doc 'Pay It No Mind: The Life & Times of Marsha P. Johnson' Released Online|work=[[Indiewire]]|date=December 26, 2012|access-date=February 17, 2015}}</ref> recalled arriving at the bar around "2:00 [am]", and that at that point the riots were well underway, with the building in flames.<ref name=MarshaInterview>{{cite web |url=http://makinggayhistory.com/podcast/episode-11-johnson-wicker/ |title=Making Gay History: Episode 11 β Johnson & Wicker |year=1987 |access-date=July 6, 2017}}</ref> As the riots went on into the early hours of the morning, Johnson, along with Zazu Nova and Jackie Hormona, were noted as "three individuals known to have been in the vanguard" of the pushback against the police.{{sfn|Carter|2004|p=261}} [[Craig Rodwell]], owner of the [[Oscar Wilde Memorial Bookshop]], reported watching police chase participants through the crooked streets, only to see them appear around the next corner behind the police. Members of the mob stopped cars, overturning one of them to block Christopher Street. [[Jack Nichols (activist)|Jack Nichols]] and [[Lige Clarke]], in their column printed in ''[[Screw (magazine)|Screw]]'', declared that "massive crowds of angry protesters chased [the police] for blocks screaming, 'Catch them!{{'"}}{{sfn|Teal|1971|p=6}} [[Image:ChristopherPark3358.jpg|thumb|alt=A color photograph of Christopher Park in winter, showing the wrought iron entrance arch in the foreground and the brick pavement surrounded by five and six-story brick buildings; in the center background are four white statue figures: two males standing, one with his hand on the other's shoulder and two females seated on a park bench, one woman with her hand touching the other's thigh. All are dressed in jeans and loose clothing|[[Christopher Park]], where many of the demonstrators met after the first night of rioting to talk about what had happened. It is now the site of the [[Gay Liberation Monument]], featuring a sculpture of four figures by [[George Segal (artist)|George Segal]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nycgovparks.org/parks/christopher-park/monuments/575|title=Christopher Park Monuments β Gay Liberation|publisher=New York City Parks |access-date=June 24, 2016}}</ref>]] By 4:00 am, the streets had nearly been cleared. Many people sat on stoops or gathered nearby in Christopher Park throughout the morning, dazed in disbelief at what had transpired. Many witnesses remembered the surreal and eerie quiet that descended upon Christopher Street, though there continued to be "electricity in the air".{{sfn|Carter|2004|p=180}} One commented: "There was a certain beauty in the aftermath of the riot{{nbsp}}... It was obvious, at least to me, that a lot of people really were gay and, you know, this was our street."{{sfn|Carter|2004|p=181}} Thirteen people had been arrested. Some in the crowd were hospitalized,{{refn|group=note|One protester needed stitches to repair a knee broken by a nightstick; another lost two fingers in a car door. Witnesses recollect that some of the most "feminine boys" were beaten badly.{{sfn|Duberman|1993|pp=201β202.}}}} and four police officers were injured. Almost everything in the Stonewall Inn was broken. Inspector Pine had intended to close and dismantle the Stonewall Inn that night. Pay phones, toilets, mirrors, [[jukebox]]es, and cigarette machines were all smashed, possibly in the riot and possibly by the police.{{sfn|Teal|1971|p=3}}{{sfn|Duberman|1993|p=202}}
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