Editing Steller sea lion (section)

=== Diving ===
[[Image:Ejbubbles1.jpg|thumb|right|Sea lion releasing air underwater]]

To be able to dive for a long period of time, Steller sea lions exhibit [[apnea]], [[bradycardia]], and [[Vasoconstriction|peripheral vasoconstriction]]. This allows them to maximize their oxygen stores and efficiently forage during their dives. In addition to those adaptations, their thick [[blubber]] layer and outer fur layer keep their body insulated during dives.<ref>{{Cite report|last1=Maser|first1=Chris|last2=Mate|first2=Bruce R.|last3=Franklin|first3=Jerry F.|last4=Dyrness|first4=C.T.|date=1981|title=Natural History of Oregon Coast Mammals|series=General technical report PNW; 133|publisher=Pacific Northwest Forest and Range Experiment Station, U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service|location=Portland, OR|doi=10.2737/pnw-gtr-133|hdl=2027/uc1.31822028174480|s2cid=128550106|hdl-access=free}}</ref>

Trained Steller sea lions from [[Vancouver Aquarium]] were placed in the open ocean at the University of British Columbia's Open Water Research Station to study their diving [[metabolism]] and behavior.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Rosen|first1=David A. S.|last2=Hindle|first2=Allyson G.|last3=Gerlinsky|first3=Carling D.|last4=Goundie|first4=Elizabeth|last5=Hastie|first5=Gordon D.|last6=Volpov|first6=Beth L.|last7=Trites|first7=Andrew W.|date=29 September 2016|title=Physiological constraints and energetic costs of diving behaviour in marine mammals: a review of studies using trained Steller sea lions diving in the open ocean|journal=Journal of Comparative Physiology B|volume=187|issue=1|pages=29–50|doi=10.1007/s00360-016-1035-8|pmid=27686668|issn=0174-1578|hdl=10023/11765|s2cid=7209195|hdl-access=free}}</ref> Steller sea lions' dives are more energetically costly if they perform dive bouts. The aerobic diving limit of Steller sea lions was observed to be affected by their nutritional state and feeding.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Svärd|first1=C|last2=Fahlman|first2=A|last3=Rosen|first3=DAS|last4=Joy|first4=R|last5=Trites|first5=A|date=28 December 2009|title=Fasting affects the surface and diving metabolic rates of Steller sea lions Eumetopias jubatus|journal=Aquatic Biology|volume=8|pages=71–82|doi=10.3354/ab00211|issn=1864-7782|doi-access=free|bibcode=2009AquaB...8...71S}}</ref>