Editing Stellarator (section)

=== Private sector stellarators ===
Private sector stellarator projects began emerging in 2018.<ref>{{cite book |last=Fusion Industry Association |title=The global fusion industry in 2023 |publisher=Fusion Industry Association |year=2023}}</ref> Participants include Renaissance Fusion,<ref>{{cite web |date=2023-09-18 |title=Revolutionizing Energy: Renaissance Fusion's Quest for Sustainable Nuclear Fusion |url=https://innovationorigins.com/en/revolutionizing-energy-renaissance-fusions-quest-for-sustainable-nuclear-fusion/ |access-date=2024-05-11 |website=IO |language=en-GB}}</ref> Proxima Fusion, a Munich-based spin-off from the [[Max Planck Institute for Plasma Physics]], which steered the W7-X experiment,<ref name=":0">{{cite web |last=Butcher |first=Mike |date=2024-04-09 |title=Proxima Fusion raises $21M to build on its 'stellarator' approach to nuclear fusion |url=https://techcrunch.com/2024/04/09/proxima-fusion-raises-21m-to-build-on-its-stellarator-approach-to-nuclear-fusion/ |access-date=2024-05-11 |website=TechCrunch |language=en-US}}</ref> Type One, and Thea Energy.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Clery |first=Daniel |date=1 Apr 2025 |title=Stellarators, once fusion's dark horse, hit their stride |url=https://www.science.org/content/article/stellarators-fusions-dark-horse-hit-stride |access-date=2025-04-03 |website=www.science.org |language=en}}</ref>

Proxima Fusion is a Munich-based spin-off from the [[Max Planck Institute for Plasma Physics]], which steered the W7-X experiment.<ref name=":0" /> In February 2025, it announced plans to build a test magnet from high-temperature superconductors in 2027 and a demo unit in 2031.<ref>{{Cite web |title=German stellarator fusion design concept unveiled |url=https://www.world-nuclear-news.org/articles/german-stellarator-fusion-design-concept-unveiled |access-date=2025-04-29 |website=World Nuclear News |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":1" />

Type One is seeking $200 million in investment to add to $82 million raised in 2024. Its Infinity One system is intended to validate the design, with construction beginning in 2026. Infinity Two is intended to produce net power. That machine is designed to cover 14 meters and generate 800 MWt, resulting in 350 MWe.<ref name=":1" />

PPPL spinout Thea Energy plans to shape its fields with angled circular coils finetuned with flat magnets.<ref name=":1" />