Editing Steampunk (section)

===Literature===
[[File:Amazing Stories 1927 08.jpg|thumb|left|The August 1927 issue of ''[[Amazing Stories]]'' featuring work by [[H. G. Wells]] ]]

In 1988, the first version of the science fiction [[tabletop role-playing game]] ''[[Space: 1889]]'' was published. The game is set in an [[alternate history|alternative history]] in which certain now discredited Victorian scientific theories were probable and led to new technologies. Contributing authors included [[Frank Chadwick]], [[Loren Wiseman]], and [[Marcus Rowland (author)|Marcus Rowland]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.heliograph.com/space1889|title=Heliograph's Space 1889 Resource Site|publisher=Heliograph, Inc.|date=Jun 30, 2010|access-date=Nov 29, 2010|archive-date=November 23, 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101123092802/http://heliograph.com/space1889/|url-status=live}}</ref>

[[William Gibson]] and [[Bruce Sterling]]'s novel ''[[The Difference Engine]]'' (1990) is often credited with bringing about widespread awareness of steampunk.<ref name=Grossman/><ref>{{cite journal|last=Csicsery-Ronay|first=Istvan|title=Istvan Csicsery-Ronay, Jr. {{!}} The Critic|journal=Science Fiction Studies|issue=#71; Volume 24, Part 1|publisher=SF-TH Inc.|location=DePauw University, Greencastle Indiana|date=March 1997|url=http://www.depauw.edu/sfs/reviews_pages/r71.htm|access-date=Nov 29, 2010|archive-date=March 20, 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090320180812/http://www.depauw.edu/sfs/reviews_pages/r71.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> The novel applies the principles of Gibson and Sterling's [[cyberpunk]] writings to an alternative Victorian era where [[Ada Lovelace]] and [[Charles Babbage]]'s proposed steam-powered mechanical computer, which Babbage called a [[difference engine]] (a later, more general-purpose version was known as an [[Analytical Engine]]), was actually built, and led to the dawn of the [[Information Age]] more than a century "ahead of schedule". This setting was different from most steampunk settings in that it takes a dim and dark view of this future, rather than the more prevalent [[utopia]]n versions.{{cn|date=April 2024}}

[[Nick Gevers]]'s original anthology ''Extraordinary Engines'' (2008) features newer steampunk stories by some of the genre's writers, as well as other science fiction and fantasy writers experimenting with neo-Victorian conventions. A retrospective reprint anthology of steampunk fiction was released, also in 2008, by [[Tachyon Publications]]. Edited by [[Ann VanderMeer|Ann]] and [[Jeff VanderMeer]] and appropriately entitled ''[[Steampunk (anthology)|Steampunk]]'', it is a collection of stories by [[James Blaylock]], whose "Narbondo" trilogy is typically considered steampunk; [[Jay Lake]], author of the novel ''[[Mainspring (novel)|Mainspring]]'', sometimes labeled "[[clockpunk]]";<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.boingboing.net/2007/07/08/jay-lakes-mainspring.html|title=Jay Lake's "Mainspring:" Clockpunk adventure|date=July 8, 2007|author=Doctorow, Cory|access-date=May 10, 2008|archive-date=April 22, 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080422172738/http://www.boingboing.net/2007/07/08/jay-lakes-mainspring.html|url-status=live}}</ref> the aforementioned Michael Moorcock; as well as [[Jess Nevins]], known for his annotations to ''[[The League of Extraordinary Gentlemen]]'' (first published in 1999).<ref>{{Cite book |last=Liddo |first=Annalisa Di |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8wCbEM6obkQC&dq=Jess+Nevins+annotations+League+of+Extraordinary+Gentlemen&pg=PA36 |title=Alan Moore: Comics as Performance, Fiction as Scalpel |date=2010-01-06 |publisher=Univ. Press of Mississippi |isbn=978-1-60473-476-8 |language=en}}</ref>

Younger readers have also been targeted by steampunk themes, by authors such as [[Philip Reeve]] and [[Scott Westerfeld]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/childrens-books-site/2013/feb/28/sharon-gosling-top-10-childrens-steampunk-books|title=Sharon Gosling's top 10 children's steampunk books|newspaper=The Guardian|date=February 28, 2013|first=Sharon|last=Gosling|access-date=December 13, 2016|archive-date=September 17, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160917065038/https://www.theguardian.com/childrens-books-site/2013/feb/28/sharon-gosling-top-10-childrens-steampunk-books|url-status=live}}</ref> Reeve's quartet ''[[Mortal Engines]]'' is set far in Earth's future where giant moving cities consume each other in a battle for resources, a concept Reeve coined as ''Municipal Darwinism''. Westerfeld's ''[[Leviathan (Westerfeld novel)|Leviathan]]'' trilogy is set during an alternate [[World War I|First World War]] fought between the "clankers" ([[Central Powers]]), who use steam technology, and "darwinists" ([[Allied powers of World War I|Allied Powers]]), who use genetically engineered creatures instead of machines.<ref>{{cite magazine|url=https://neverwasmag.com/Gazette%20-%209.pdf|title=Adventures at Armageddon; Review; Leviathan|magazine=Gatehouse Gazette|issue=9|pages=10–11|date=November 2009|first=Alasdair|last=Czyrnyj|access-date=Jul 28, 2020|archive-date=July 28, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200728124050/https://neverwasmag.com/Gazette%20-%209.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref>

"Mash-ups" are also becoming increasingly popular in books aimed at younger readers, mixing steampunk with other genres. [[Stefan Bachmann]]'s ''[[The Peculiar (novel)|The Peculiar]]'' duology was labeled a "steampunk fairytale," and imagines steampunk technology as a means to stave off an incursion of [[faeries]] in Victorian England.<ref>{{cite web |last=Carpenter |first=Susan |date=2012-09-23 |title=Not Just For Kids: 'The Peculiar' by Stefan Bachmann is a fantastical tale |url=https://www.latimes.com/books/la-ca-stefan-bachmann-20120923-story.html |access-date=2022-10-27 |website=Los Angeles Times |archive-date=2022-10-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221027083124/https://www.latimes.com/books/la-ca-stefan-bachmann-20120923-story.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Suzanne Lazear's ''Aether Chronicles'' series also mixes steampunk with faeries, and ''The Unnaturalists'', by Tiffany Trent, combines steampunk with mythological creatures and alternate history.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.publishersweekly.com/pw/by-topic/childrens/childrens-book-news/article/54166-what-s-new-in-ya-mashups.html|title=What's New in YA? Mashups|publisher=PublishersWeekly.com|date=Sep 28, 2012|last=Corbett|first=Sue|access-date=Apr 12, 2016|archive-date=October 26, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161026003218/http://www.publishersweekly.com/pw/by-topic/childrens/childrens-book-news/article/54166-what-s-new-in-ya-mashups.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

Self-described author of "far-fetched fiction" [[Robert Rankin]] has incorporated elements of steampunk into narrative worlds that are both Victorian and re-imagined contemporary. In 2009, he was made a Fellow of the Victorian Steampunk Society.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sfx.co.uk/2011/11/27/meet-the-victorian-steampunk-society/|title=Meet the Victorian Steampunk Society|publisher=SFX News|date=November 27, 2011|access-date=January 5, 2011|archive-date=December 1, 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111201013538/http://www.sfx.co.uk/2011/11/27/meet-the-victorian-steampunk-society/|url-status=live}}</ref>

The [[comic book]] series ''[[Hellboy]]'', created by [[Mike Mignola]], and the two ''[[Hellboy]]'' films featuring [[Ron Perlman]] and directed by [[Guillermo del Toro]], all have steampunk elements.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://io9.gizmodo.com/that-time-hellboy-got-steampunk-added-to-the-dictiona-1578661997|title=That Time Hellboy Got "Steampunk" Added To The Dictionary|publisher=Gizmodo|date=May 19, 2014|last=Misra|first=Ria|access-date=Jul 28, 2020|archive-date=July 28, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200728100003/https://io9.gizmodo.com/that-time-hellboy-got-steampunk-added-to-the-dictiona-1578661997|url-status=live}}</ref> In the comic book and the [[Hellboy (2004 film)|first (2004) film]], [[Karl Ruprecht Kroenen]] is a [[Nazi SS]] scientist who has an addiction to having himself surgically altered, and who has many mechanical prostheses, including a clockwork heart. The character [[Johann Krauss]] is featured in the comic and in the second film, ''[[Hellboy II: The Golden Army]]'' (2008), as an [[Ectoplasm (paranormal)|ectoplasmic medium]] (a gaseous form in a partly mechanical suit). This second film also features the [[Golden Army]] itself, which is a collection of 4,900 mechanical steampunk warriors.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Morehead |first=John W. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4kq7CQAAQBAJ&dq=Hellboy+II+4900&pg=PA98 |title=The Supernatural Cinema of Guillermo del Toro: Critical Essays |date=2015-05-23 |publisher=McFarland |isbn=978-1-4766-2075-6 |language=en}}</ref>