Editing Stafford Beer (section)

===Management cybernetics===
According to Jackson (2000) "Beer was the first to apply cybernetics to management, defining cybernetics as the ''science of effective organization''". In the 1960s and early 1970s "Beer was a prolific writer and an influential practitioner" in [[management cybernetics]]. It was during that period that he developed the [[viable system model]], to diagnose the faults in any existing organizational system. In that time [[Jay Wright Forrester|Forrester]] invented [[systems dynamics]], which "held out the promise that the behavior of whole systems could be represented and understood through modeling the dynamical feedback process going on within them".<ref name ="Mich 2000">Michael C. Jackson (2000), ''Systems Approaches to Management''<!-- publishing info; ISSN/ISBN needed --></ref>

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