Editing St. Bartholomew's Day massacre (section)

===Death toll===
[[File:Jost Amman, Gaspar de Coligny, 1573, NGA 3643 (cropped).jpg|thumb|''Bas de page'' detail from a portrait print of Coligny, [[Jost Amman]], 1573. Coligny is shot at left, and killed at right.]]
Estimates of the number that perished in the massacres have varied from 2,000 by a Roman Catholic apologist to 70,000 by the contemporary Huguenot [[Maximilien de Béthune, Duke of Sully|Maximilien de Béthune]], who himself barely escaped death.<ref>''Saint Bartholomew's Day, Massacre of'' (2008) Encyclopædia Britannica Deluxe Edition, Chicago; [[Hardouin de Péréfixe de Beaumont]], Catholic [[Archbishop of Paris]] a century later, put the number at 100,000, but "This last number is probably exaggerated, if we reckon only those who perished by a violent death. But if we add those who died from wretchedness, hunger, sorrow, abandoned old men, women without shelter, children without bread,—all the miserable whose life was shortened by this great catastrophe, we shall see that the estimate of Péréfixe is still below the reality." G. D. Félice (1851). [https://books.google.com/books?id=ywIQAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA217 ''History of the Protestants of France'']. New York: Edward Walker, p. 217.</ref> Accurate figures for casualties have never been compiled,<ref>The range of estimates available in the mid-19th century, with other details, are summarized by the Huguenot statesman and historian [[François Guizot]] in his [https://books.google.com/books?id=nbIWRyfAvq8C&dq=%22Kill+them+all%22+Batholomew&pg=PA351 ''A Popular History of France from the Earliest Times, Volume IV'']</ref> and even in writings by modern historians there is a considerable range, though the more specialised the historian, the lower they tend to be. At the low end are figures of about 2,000 in Paris<ref>Armstrong, Alastair (2003), ''France 1500–1715'', Heinemann, pp. 70–71 {{ISBN|0-435-32751-8}}</ref> and 3,000 in the provinces, the latter figure an estimate by [[Philip Benedict]] in 1978.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Benedict |first=Philip |author-link=Philip Benedict |title=The Saint Bartholomew's Massacres in the Provinces |journal=[[The Historical Journal]] |year=1978 |volume=21 |issue=2 |pages=205–225 |jstor=2638258 |doi=10.1017/S0018246X00000510 |s2cid=159715479}}; cited by Holt (2005 ed.), p. 91, and also used by Knecht (2001), p. 366, and {{cite book |last=Zalloua |first=Zahi Anbra |date=2004 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=E_MYeI40zrEC&dq=%22St+Bartholomew%27s+day+Massacre%22+deaths&pg=PA152 |title=Montaigne And the Ethics of Skepticism |publisher=Rookwood Press |isbn=978-1-886365-59-9}}</ref> Other estimates are about 10,000 in total,<ref>Lincoln, p. 97 (a "bare minimum of 2,000" in Paris), and [[Gérard Chaliand|Chaliand, Gérard]]; [[Arnaud Blin|Blin, Arnaud]]; Schneider, Edward; Pulver, Kathryn; {{cite book |last=Browner |first=Jesse |date=2007 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YmpfgNqmVXYC&dq=%22St+Bartholomew%27s+day+Massacre%22+deaths&pg=PA89 |title=The History of Terrorism: From Antiquity to Al Qaeda |publisher=[[University of California Press]] |isbn=978-0-520-24709-3}}, citing David El Kenz (2008), ''Guerres et paix de religion en Europe aux XVIe–XVIIe siecles''</ref> with about 3,000 in Paris<ref>Garrisson, p, 131; {{cite book |editor-link=Geoffrey Parker (historian) |editor-last=Parker |editor-first=G. |date=1998 |title=Oxford Encyclopedia World History |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |location=Oxford |isbn=0-19-860223-5 |page=585}}; and {{aut|[[Henry Chadwick (theologian)|Chadwick, H.]]}} & Evans, G.R. (1987), ''Atlas of the Christian Church'', Macmillan, London, {{ISBN|0-333-44157-5}} hardback, p. 113;</ref> and 7,000 in the provinces.<ref>{{cite book |author-link=Brian Moynahan |last=Moynahan |first=B. |date=2003 |title=The Faith: A History of Christianity |publisher=Pimlico |location=London |isbn=0-7126-0720-X |page=456}}; [[John Dalberg-Acton, 1st Baron Acton|Lord Acton]], who discusses the matter in some detail, found that "no evidence takes us as high as eight thousand", and found those contemporaries in the best position to know typically gave the lowest figures – ''[[s:Lectures on Modern History|Lectures on Modern History]]'', "[[s:Lectures on Modern History/The Huguenots and the League|The Huguenots and the League]]", pp. 162–163.</ref> At the higher end are total figures of up to 20,000,<ref>{{cite book |last=Perry |first=Sheila |date=1997 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HJ76gwN_pSwC&dq=%22St+Bartholomew%27s+day+Massacre%22+deaths&pg=PA5 |title=Aspects of Contemporary France |page=5 |publisher=[[Routledge]] |isbn=978-0-415-13179-7}}</ref> or 30,000 in total, from "a contemporary, non-partisan guesstimate" quoted by the historians [[Felipe Fernández-Armesto]] and D. Wilson.<ref>{{cite book |author1-link=Felipe Fernández-Armesto |last1=Fernández-Armesto |first1=F. |last2=Wilson |first2=D. |date=1996 |title=Reformation: Christianity and the World 1500–2000 |publisher=[[Bantam Press]] |location=London |isbn=0-593-02749-3 |pages=236–237}}</ref> 

For Paris, the only hard figure is a payment by the city to workmen for collecting and burying 1,100 bodies washed up on the banks of the Seine downstream from the city in one week. Body counts relating to other payments are computed from this.<ref>Garrisson, 131; see also [https://books.google.com/books?id=mAZkbMHlX7cC&dq=St.+Bartholomew%27s+Day+massacre+Seine+bodies&pg=PA429 the 19th-century historian Henry White], who goes into full details, listing estimates of other historians, which range up to 100,000. His own estimation was 20,000.{{cite book |last=White |first=Henry |title=The Massacre of St Bartholomew |year=1868 |location=London |publisher=John Murray |page=472}}</ref>

Among the slain were the philosopher [[Petrus Ramus]], and in Lyon the composer [[Claude Goudimel]]. The corpses floating down the [[Rhône]] from Lyon are said to have put the people of [[Arles]] off drinking the water for three months.<ref name="cathen">{{Catholic |first=Pierre-Louis-Théophile-Georges |last=Goyau |author-link=Georges Goyau |prescript= |wstitle=Saint Bartholomew's Day |volume=14}}</ref>