Editing Small intestine (section)

===Absorption===
Digested food is now able to pass into the blood vessels in the wall of the intestine through either [[diffusion]] or [[active transport]]. The small intestine is the site where most of the nutrients from ingested food are absorbed. The inner wall, or mucosa, of the small intestine, is lined with [[intestinal epithelium]], a [[simple columnar epithelium]]. Structurally, the mucosa is covered in wrinkles or flaps called [[circular folds]], which are considered permanent features in the mucosa. They are distinct from [[rugae]] which are considered non-permanent or temporary allowing for distention and contraction. From the circular folds project microscopic finger-like pieces of tissue called [[intestinal villus|villi]] ([[Latin]] for "shaggy hair"). The individual epithelial cells also have finger-like projections known as [[microvilli]]. The functions of the circular folds, the villi, and the microvilli are to increase the amount of surface area available for the absorption of [[nutrient]]s, and to limit the loss of said nutrients to intestinal fauna.

Each villus has a network of [[capillary|capillaries]] and fine lymphatic vessels called [[lacteal]]s close to its surface. The epithelial cells of the villi transport nutrients from the lumen of the intestine into these capillaries (amino acids and carbohydrates) and lacteals (lipids). The absorbed substances are transported via the blood vessels to different organs of the body where they are used to build complex substances such as the proteins required by our body. The material that remains undigested and unabsorbed passes into the large intestine.

[[File:Absorption of glucose in the small intestine.svg|thumb|Absorption of glucose in the small intestine]]

Absorption of the majority of nutrients takes place in the [[jejunum]], with the following notable exceptions:
* [[Iron]] is absorbed in the duodenum.
* [[Folate]] (Vitamin B9) is absorbed in the duodenum and jejunum.
* [[Vitamin B12]] and [[bile salts]] are absorbed in the [[terminal ileum]]. Vitamin B12 will only be absorbed by the ileum after binding to a protein known as [[intrinsic factor]].
* Water is absorbed by [[osmosis]] and [[lipid]]s by passive diffusion throughout the small intestine.
* [[Sodium bicarbonate]] is absorbed by active transport and [[glucose]] and [[amino acid]] [[co-transport]]
* [[Fructose]] is absorbed by [[facilitated diffusion]].