Editing Siwi language (section)

===Verbs===
Siwi verbs agree in person, number, and (when singular) gender with their subjects and their indirect objects,<ref>{{harvcoltxt|Souag|2015}}</ref> and take suffixes marking pronominal objects. The verb 'open', for example, is conjugated in the perfective as follows:<ref>{{harvcoltxt|Vycichl|2005|p=226}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable" 
|-
! colspan="2" | 
! singular
! plural
|-
! colspan="2" | 1st person
| {{lang|siz|fətk-ax}} I opened
| {{lang|siz|nə-ftək}} we opened
|-
! colspan="2" | 2nd person
| {{lang|siz|fətk-aṭ}} you (sg.) opened
| {{lang|siz|fətk-əm}} you (pl.) opened
|-
! rowspan="2" | 3rd person
! masc
| {{lang|siz|yə-ftək}} he opened
| rowspan="2" | {{lang|siz|yə-ftk-ən}} they opened
|-
! fem
| {{lang|siz|tə-ftək}} she opened
|}

In some cases, plural nouns trigger feminine singular agreement.<ref>{{harvcoltxt|Schiattarella|2016|p=52}}</ref>

The order of pronominal affixes on the verb is as follows: (subject)-stem-(subject)-(indirect object)-(direct object), e.g., {{transliteration|siz|y-uš-as-t i talti}} 'he gave it (m.) to the woman'.<ref>{{harvcoltxt|Schiattarella|2016|p=31}}</ref>

Siwi verbs are also marked for [[grammatical aspect|aspect]] and [[grammatical mood|mood]]. The basic stem is used in the imperative and in the irrealis/aorist; the latter normally takes a prefix ''ga-'' (preceding agreement suffixes), or {{transliteration|siz|(əd)da-}} for suggestives. The perfective form is identical to the stem for most verbs, but in a few is marked by a variable suffixed vowel. The imperfective is formed from the stem by a variety of morphological strategies, including gemination of the second consonant, ''t'' prefixation, and insertion of an ''a''. A special perfect/resultative (unusual within Berber) is formed from the perfective by suffixing ''-a'' to a fully conjugated perfective verb including any suffixes, changing ''ə'' in the last syllable to ''i''; the same procedure, applied to an imperfective verb, yields the meaning 'while'.<ref>{{harvcoltxt|Souag|2013|pp=182–199}}</ref> Thus, for example, from the verb {{lang|siz|ukəl}} 'walk' Siwi derives:<ref>{{harvcoltxt|Schiattarella|2016|p=46}}</ref>

* perfective {{lang|siz|y-ukəl}} 'he walked'
* resultative {{lang|siz|y-ukil-a}} 'he has walked'
* imperfective {{lang|siz|i-takəl}} 'he walks, he is walking, he was walking'
* imperfective+a {{lang|siz|i-takil-a}} 'while he is/was walking'
* ga+aorist {{lang|siz|g-(y)-ukəl}} 'he will walk, he would walk'
* ədda+aorist {{lang|siz|ədd-(y)-ukəl}} 'let him walk!'

Unlike many Berber languages, Siwi has no special verbal morphology for negation; in all aspects and moods, verbs are simply negated with the preverbal particle {{lang|siz|la}}. The prohibitive ('do not'), however, uses the imperfective form of the verb, unlike the imperative which uses the basic stem.