Editing Sin (mythology) (section)

===Wife and children===
Sin's wife was [[Ningal]].{{sfn|Krebernik|1997|p=365}} They are already attested as a couple in Early Dynastic sources,{{sfn|Asher-Greve|Westenholz|2013|p=49}} and they were consistently paired with each other in all regions of Mesopotamia.{{sfn|Hätinen|2021|p=290}} Derivatives of Ningal were associated with local moon gods in the [[List of Ugaritic deities|Ugaritic]], [[List of Hurrian deities|Hurrian]] and [[Hittite mythology and religion|Hittite]] pantheons.{{sfn|Krebernik|1997|p=365}} However, the old proposal that Hurrians, and by extension Hittites and inhabitants of Ugarit, received her from [[Harran]] is regarded as unproven, as she does not appear in association with this city in any sources from the second millennium BCE.{{sfn|Holloway|2002|p=393}} She is also absent from [[Luwian language|Luwian]] sources pertaining to the worship of Sin of Harran in the first millennium BCE.{{sfn|Holloway|2002|p=397}}

The best attested children of Sin were [[Utu]] (Shamash) and [[Inanna]] (Ishtar).{{sfn|Krebernik|1997|p=365}} The connection between these three deities depended on their shared astral character, with Sin representing the moon and his children, who could be identified as twins -  the [[sun]] and [[Venus]].{{sfn|Gomes de Almeida|Fátima Rosa|2021|p=94}} Numerous instances of Inanna being directly referred to as his oldest daughter are known.{{sfn|Beaulieu|2003|p=111}} While alternate traditions about her parentage are attested, it is agreed they were less significant{{sfn|Boivin|2018|p=208}} and ultimately she was most commonly recognized as a daughter of Sin and Ningal.{{sfn|Asher-Greve|Westenholz|2013|p=230}} It has been pointed out that apparent references to Anu being her father instead might only designate him as an ancestor.{{sfn|Beaulieu|2003|p=111}} Similarly to how Sin was referred as the "great boat of heaven" (''<sup>d</sup>má-gul-la-an-na''),{{sfn|Feliu|2006|p=235}} his son was the "small boat of heaven" (''<sup>d</sup>má-bàn-da-an-na''), which reflected his subordinate status.{{sfn|Feliu|2006|p=239}} These titles additionally reflected the Mesopotamian belief that the moon was larger than the sun.{{sfn|Hätinen|2021|p=305}} As an extension of her marriage to the sun god, the [[dawn goddess]] [[Aya (goddess)|Aya]] was regarded as a daughter-in-law of Sin, as reflected by her common epithet ''kallatum''.{{sfn|Asher-Greve|Westenholz|2013|p=259}}

Further attested children of Sin include the goddesses Amarazu and Amaraḫea, known from the god list ''An = Anum'', [[Ningublaga]] (the city god of Kiabrig) and  [[Numushda]] (the city god of [[Kazallu]]).{{sfn|Krebernik|1997|p=365}} Ningublaga's connection with the moon god is well attested in god lists (''An = Anum'', the [[Weidner god list]], the [[Nippur]] god list) and other sources, one example being the formula "servant of Sin and Ningublaga," known from an Old Babylonian [[cylinder seal]].{{sfn|Cavigneaux|Krebernik|1998|p=374}} While he was not always explicitly identified as his son, with such references lacking for example from ''An = Anum'', direct statements confirming the existence of such a tradition have been identified in an inscription of [[Abisare]] of [[Larsa]] and in a hymn dedicated to Ningublaga's temple in Kiabrig.{{sfn|Krebernik|1997|p=365}} Designating Numushda as a son of Sin was likely meant to be a way to assimilate him into the pantheon of [[lower Mesopotamia]], and might be based on perceived similarity to Ningublaga.{{sfn|Peterson|2014|p=292}} The tradition according to which he was a son of the moon god is absent from sources from the third millennium BCE.{{sfn|Cavigneaux|Krebernik|1998a|p=611}} Additionally, a single literary text calls Numushda a son of [[Enki]], rather than Sin and Ningal.{{sfn|Peterson|2014|p=293}} Amarazu and Amaraḫea are overall sparsely attested, and despite their status as Sin's daughters in god lists and the incantation series ''[[Udug Hul]]'' there is no evidence they were worshiped alongside him in Ur.{{sfn|Hätinen|2021|pp=324-325}} The reason behind the association between these two goddesses and the moon god is unknown.{{sfn|Hall|1985|pp=744-745}}

While references to [[Ninegal]] as a daughter of Sin are known, in this context the name is treated as an [[Epithets of Inanna|epithet of Inanna]], and there is no evidence Ninegal understood as a distinct goddess was associated with him in any way.{{sfn|Hall|1985|p=743}} Another deity associated with Ishtar who was sometimes described as daughter of Sin was the love goddess [[Nanaya]].{{sfn|Drewnowska-Rymarz|2008|p=30}} However, this tradition seems to stem from the close connection between Nanaya and Inanna, as for example the ''Hymn to the City of [[Erbil|Arbela]]'' in a passage focused on [[Ishtar of Arbela]] refers to Nanaya as a daughter of Sin, but also syncretises her with the goddess being praised.{{sfn|Beaulieu|2003|p=187}} Sources where Nanaya's father is instead either Anu or [[Urash (god)|Urash]] (the male tutelary god of [[Dilbat]], rather than the [[Urash (goddess)|earth goddess]] of the same name) are known too.{{sfn|Drewnowska-Rymarz|2008|pp=31-32}} Only in [[Assyria]] in the [[Neo-Assyrian period]] she was regarded as a daughter of Sin.{{sfn|Hätinen|2021|p=312}} A god list from [[Nineveh]] might indicate that she was viewed as a daughter of the moon god specifically when she was counted among deities belonging to the entourage of Enlil.{{sfn|Hätinen|2021|pp=312-313}} A further goddess related to Inanna, [[Annunitum]], could similarly be addressed as a daughter of Sin, though this tradition is only preserved in inscriptions of [[Nabonidus]] documenting the repair of her temple in [[Sippar]].{{sfn|Hätinen|2021|pp=313-314}} Due to identification with Inanna, the Hurrian and Elamite goddess [[Pinikir]] is referred to as a daughter of Sin and Ningal in a text written in [[Akkadian language|Akkadian]] but found in a corpus of Hurro-Hittite rituals.{{sfn|Beckman|1999|pp=27-28}}

In a single ''[[Maqlû]]'' incantation, [[Manzat (goddess)|Manzat]], the goddess of the rainbow, appears as the sister of Shamash, and by extension as daughter of his parents, Sin and Ningal.{{sfn|Abusch|2015|p=11}}

A tradition according to which Ninazu was a son of Sin is also known.{{sfn|Krebernik|1997|p=364}} Frans Wiggermann proposes that the occasional association between these two gods might have reflected the dependence of [[Enegi]], Ninazu's cult center, on nearby Ur.{{sfn|Wiggermann|1998|p=330}}

In the first millennium BCE a tradition according to which [[Nuska]] was a son of Sin developed in Harran.{{sfn|Krul|2018|p=151}} {{ill|Manfred Krebernik|de}} suggests that it might have reflected [[Arameans|Aramaic]] influence and that it resulted from a connection between Sin, Nuska and hitherto unknown deities worshiped by this group.{{sfn|Krebernik|1997|p=365}}

While assertions that [[Ishkur]] was regarded as a further son of Sin can be found in older literature, no primary sources confirm the existence of such a tradition.{{sfn|Hall|1985|p=753}}