Editing Shivaji (section)

=== Attacks on Shaista Khan and Surat ===
{{Main|Battle of Chakan|Battle of Surat}}
[[File:Shaistekhan Surprised.jpg|thumb|right|A 20th century depiction  of Shivaji's surprise attack on Mughal general Shaista Khan in Pune by [[M.V. Dhurandhar]]]]

At the request of Badi Begum of Bijapur, Aurangzeb, now the Mughal emperor, sent his maternal uncle [[Shaista Khan]], with an army numbering over 150,000, along with a powerful artillery division, in January 1660 to attack Shivaji in conjunction with Bijapur's army led by Siddi Jauhar. Shaista Khan, with his better equipped and well provisioned army of 80,000 seized Pune. He also took the nearby fort of [[Chakan, Maharashtra|Chakan]], besieging it for a month and a half before breaching the walls.<ref>{{cite book|title=Indian Historical Records Commission: Proceedings of Meetings|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lmotObeC3zUC|year=1929|publisher=Superintendent Government Printing, India|page=44}}</ref> He established his residence at Shivaji's palace of [[Lal Mahal]].<ref>{{cite book|title=Shivaji the Great Liberator|author=Aanand Aadeesh|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_ZMkBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA69|page=69|year=2011|publisher=Prabhat Prakashan|isbn=978-81-8430-102-1}}</ref>

On the night of 5 April 1663, Shivaji led a daring night attack on Shaista Khan's camp.{{sfn|Gordon|2007|p=71}} He, along with 400 men, attacked Shaista Khan's mansion, broke into Khan's bedroom and wounded him. Khan lost three fingers.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Mahmud |first1=Sayyid Fayyaz |last2=Mahmud |first2=S. F. |title=A Concise History of Indo-Pakistan |date=1988 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-577385-9 |page=158 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9xtuAAAAMAAJ |language=en}}</ref> In the scuffle, Shaista Khan's son and several wives, servants, and soldiers were killed.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Richards |first1=John F. |title=The Mughal Empire |date=1993 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-0-521-56603-2 |page=209 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HHyVh29gy4QC&pg=PA209 |language=en}}</ref> The Khan took refuge with the Mughal forces outside of Pune, and Aurangzeb punished him for this embarrassment with a transfer to [[Bengal]].{{sfn|Mehta|2009|p=543}}

In retaliation for Shaista Khan's attacks, and to replenish his now-depleted treasury, in 1664 Shivaji [[Battle of Surat|sacked the port city of Surat]], a wealthy Mughal trading centre and decamped with plunder exceeding Rs 10 million.<ref name="ReferenceA">An Advanced History of India , by RC Majumdar</ref>{{sfn|Mehta|2005|p=491}} On 13 February 1665, he also conducted a [[Raid (military)|naval raid]] on [[Portugal|Portuguese]]-held [[Basrur]] in present-day Karnataka, and gained a large plunder.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Shejwalkar |first1=T.S. |year=1942 |title=Bulletin of the Deccan College Post-Graduate and Research Institute |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/42929309 |jstor=42929309 |publisher=Vice Chancellor, Deccan College Post-Graduate and Research Institute (Deemed University), Pune |volume=4 |pages=135–146 |access-date=30 August 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last= |first= |date=15 February 2021 |title=Mega event to mark Karnataka port town Basrur's liberation from Portuguese by Shivaji |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/karnataka/2021/feb/15/mega-event-to-mark-karnataka-port-town-basrurs-liberation-from-portuguese-by-shivaji-2264393.html |newspaper=New Indian Express}}</ref>