Editing Shenyang (section)

==Geography==
[[File:Txu-oclc-6614368-nk51-8.jpg|thumb|Map including Shenyang (labeled as {{lang|zh-hant|瀋陽}} SHEN-YANG (MUKDEN)) ([[Army Map Service|AMS]], 1956)]]
[[File:CITY OF SHENYANG CHINA TAKEN AT 33000 FEET AIR KORYO FLIGHT JS 152 P881 IL62M EN ROUTE BEIJING CAPITAL TO PYONGYANG DPR KOREA OCT 2012 (8178497681).jpg|thumb|Aerial photograph of Shenyang]]
Shenyang ranges in latitude from 41° 11' to 43° 02' N and in longitude from 122° 25' to 123° 48' E, and is located in the central part of Liaoning province. The western parts of the city's administrative area are located on the [[alluvial plain]] of the [[Liao River]] system, while the eastern part consists of the hinterlands of the [[Changbai Mountains]], and is covered with forests.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.syghgt.gov.cn/ywpd/kczy/content/4028e48233b28ecb01343f9e7c6822ad.html |script-title=zh:沈阳区域地质概述 |publisher=Shenyang Planning and Land and Resources Bureau ({{lang|zh-hans|沈阳市规划和国土资源局}}) |access-date=2014-02-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140219065711/http://www.syghgt.gov.cn/ywpd/kczy/content/4028e48233b28ecb01343f9e7c6822ad.html |archive-date=2014-02-19 |url-status=live }}</ref> The highest point in Shenyang is {{convert|414|m|ft|0|abbr=on}} [[metres above sea level|above sea level]] and the lowest point only {{convert|7|m|ft|0|abbr=on}}.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://minsheng.youth.cn/mszxgch/mswzxx/201308/t20130814_3698864.htm |script-title=zh:沈城母亲河:水光异彩 璀璨浑河 |script-work=zh:中国青年网 |access-date=2013-12-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131106050430/http://minsheng.youth.cn/mszxgch/mswzxx/201308/t20130814_3698864.htm |archive-date=2013-11-06 |url-status=live}}</ref> The average elevation of the urban area is {{convert|45|m|ft|0|abbr=on}}.<ref name="jdsycsfzyshbq">{{Cite thesis |degree=博士 |script-title=zh:近代沈阳城市发展与社会变迁 |author=孙鸿金 |year=2012}}</ref>

The city's main urban area is located to the north of '''[[Hun River (Liao River tributary)|Hun River]]''', formerly the largest tributary of the Liao River ''proper'' and often locally referred as the city's "mother river". The central urban area is surrounded by three [[canal|artificial river]]s — respectively the '''South Canal''' ({{lang|zh-hans|南运河}}) from the south and southeast, the '''Xinkai River''' ({{lang|zh-hans|新开河}}, formerly the '''North Canal''') from the north and northeast, and the '''Weigong River''' ({{lang|zh-hans|卫工河}}, formerly the Weigong [[Nullah]]) from the west, all interconnected by channels as a continuous [[waterway]]. The South Canal in particular, famous for the series of [[linear park]]s and gardens along it, was [[canalized]] from the old course of the '''Wanquan River''' ({{lang-zh|t=萬泉河|l=ten thousand springs river|labels=no}}), historically also called the '''Little Shen River''' ({{lang-zh|t=小瀋水|labels=no}}) or '''Wuli River''' ({{lang-zh|t=五里河|l=five-''[[li (unit)|li]]'' river|labels=no}}), which was a principal water source for the old city.<ref name="southcanal">{{cite web |url=http://www.shenhe.gov.cn/dev~shenheweb/home/article/A5978D2B-1760-438A-A4BB-FA0EABAA710D.html |script-title=zh:南运河的今与昔 |publisher=Shenhe District People's Government |access-date=2016-10-31 |language=zh |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161101101759/http://www.shenhe.gov.cn/dev~shenheweb/home/article/A5978D2B-1760-438A-A4BB-FA0EABAA710D.html |archive-date=2016-11-01 |url-status=live}}</ref> These are reinforced on the peripheries by smaller rivers such as Xi River ({{lang|zh-hans|细河}}), Puhe River ({{lang|zh-hans|蒲河}}) and Mantang River ({{lang|zh-hans|满堂河}}), and drains into the Hun River at three different locations on the southeast, due south and southwest side of the city. There was also previously another canal on the east side called Huishan Nullah ({{lang|zh-hans|辉山明渠}}) that drains into Xinkai River's lower section, but is now no longer existent due to [[land reclamation]] from urban constructions.

===Environment===
Shenyang has many [[park]]s, among the most famous are the {{cvt|14.5|km}} '''South Canal Linear Parks''' ({{lang-zh|s=南运河带状公园|labels=no}}) situated along the homonymous river traversing the southern parts of Dadong, Shenhe and Heping Districts. It comprises 6 large [[park]]s and 18 [[linear park|riverside garden]]s covering an area of approximately {{cvt|1400000|m2|acre}}, with exotic variety of vegetations such as [[Chinese rose|rose]], [[Siberian apricot|apricot]], [[bladder cherry]], [[Chinese honeylocust|honeylocust]], [[natal lily]], [[scarlet sage]], [[ivy morning glory|morning glory]] and [[Rudbeckia hirta|black-eyed-Susan]], and extensive [[greenway (landscape)|greenspace]]s of [[peach]], [[Chinese pear|pear]], [[Asiatic apple|crabapple]]s, [[ginkgo]]s, [[weeping willow (tree)|weeping willow]]s, [[pine]]s and [[black locust]]s.<ref name="southcanal"/> It is the largest stretch of vegetated [[urban open space]] in Shenyang, contributing significantly to the city's 40-percent "[[greening]] ratio", and was instrumental in the city being awarded the "national forest city" title in 2005.

According to the Shenyang Environmental Protection Bureau, winter usage of coal by [[heat-only boiler station|boiler station]]s for [[hydronic]] [[district heating]] is the source of 30 percent of the air pollution in Shenyang. Half of the 16 million metric tons of coal consumed by the city during the winter of 2013–2014 were used for heating. Other major factors include dust from construction sites (20 percent), vehicle exhaust (20 percent), industrial emissions (10 percent) and extraterritorial dust (20 percent, mostly [[yellow dust]] from [[Gobi Desert]]). However, air quality was described by the Bureau as "slowly improving".<ref name=CE111313>{{cite news |author1=Liu Ce |title=Coal for heating identified as top air polluter in NE China |url=http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/china/2013-11/13/content_17103212.htm |access-date=December 10, 2014 |work=China Daily |publisher=chinadaily.com.cn |date=2013-11-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924033901/http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/china/2013-11/13/content_17103212.htm |archive-date=September 24, 2015 |url-status=live |df=mdy-all}}</ref>
{{Clear}}

===Climate===
[[File:Shenyang-Fushun urban agglomeration, LandSat-5, 2010-09-29.jpg|left|thumb|350px|Satellite image of Shenyang-[[Fushun]] urban agglomeration<br />(larger western part is Shenyang, eastern part is Fushun), [[Landsat 5]], 2010-09-29.]]
{{climate chart
|Shenyang
|−17.0 |−4.8 |  6.0
|−12.9 | 0.1 |  9.7
|− 3.9 | 7.5 | 16.7
|  4.3 |17.1 | 35.2
| 11.5 |23.9 | 63.6
| 16.9 |27.6 | 92.5
| 20.6 |29.5 |167.0
| 19.4 |28.8 |167.1
| 12.1 |24.4 | 50.8
|  4.0 |16.3 | 44.1
|− 4.7 | 5.8 | 22.8
|−13.5 |−2.5 | 12.0
|float = right
|clear = right
|source = CMA<ref name = "cma graphical"/>}}

Shenyang has a [[monsoon]]-influenced [[humid continental climate]] ([[Köppen climate classification|Köppen]] ''Dwa'', [[Trewartha climate classification|Trewartha]] ''Dcac'') characterised by hot, humid summers due to the monsoon, and dry, cold winters due to the [[Siberian anticyclone]]. The four seasons here are distinctive. Nearly half of the annual rainfall occurs in July and August. Monthly mean temperatures range from {{convert|−11.4|C|F|1}} in January to {{convert|24.9|C|F|1}} in July, for an annual average of {{convert|8.6|C|F|1}}. The frost-free period is 183 days, which is long considering the severity of the winters.<ref name="Shenyang Introduction">{{cite web |url=http://www.shenyang.gov.cn/web/resource/hlzd-yw/hlzd-yw-01.htm |title=A city full of vitality – Shenyang, China |publisher=People′s Government of Shenyang |access-date=2011-03-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110707041552/http://www.shenyang.gov.cn/web/resource/hlzd-yw/hlzd-yw-01.htm |archive-date=July 7, 2011}}</ref> The city receives 2,421 hours of bright sunshine annually; monthly percent of possible ranges from 42&nbsp;percent in July to 64&nbsp;percent in February. Extreme temperatures range from {{convert|−33.1|C|F|0}} to {{convert|39.3|C|F|0}}.<ref name=Mherrera>[http://www.mherrera.org/temp.htm Extreme Temperatures around the World] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140804202145/http://www.mherrera.org/temp.htm |date=2014-08-04 }}. Accessed 2010-10-27</ref>
{{clear}}

{{Weather box
| width = auto
| location = Shenyang, elevation {{convert|51|m|ft|abbr=on}}, (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1905–present)
| metric first = Y
| single line = Y
| Jan high C = -4.8
| Feb high C = 0.1
| Mar high C = 7.5
| Apr high C = 17.1
| May high C = 23.9
| Jun high C = 27.6
| Jul high C = 29.5
| Aug high C = 28.8
| Sep high C = 24.4
| Oct high C = 16.3
| Nov high C = 5.8
| Dec high C = -2.5
| Jan mean C = -11.4
| Feb mean C = -6.3
| Mar mean C = 1.7
| Apr mean C = 10.8
| May mean C = 17.8
| Jun mean C = 22.3
| Jul mean C = 24.9
| Aug mean C = 23.8
| Sep mean C = 17.9
| Oct mean C = 9.8
| Nov mean C = 0.3
| Dec mean C = -8.4
| Jan low C = -17.0
| Feb low C = -12.0
| Mar low C = -3.9
| Apr low C = 4.3
| May low C = 11.5
| Jun low C = 16.9
| Jul low C = 20.6
| Aug low C = 19.4
| Sep low C = 12.1
| Oct low C = 4.0
| Nov low C = -4.7
| Dec low C = -13.5
| Jan record high C = 8.6
| Feb record high C = 17.2
| Mar record high C = 26.1
| Apr record high C = 30.0
| May record high C = 35.7
| Jun record high C = 39.3
| Jul record high C = 38.3
| Aug record high C = 38.4
| Sep record high C = 32.9
| Oct record high C = 29.4
| Nov record high C = 21.7
| Dec record high C = 14.1
| Jan record low C = -33.1
| Feb record low C = -28.4
| Mar record low C = -25.0
| Apr record low C = -12.8
| May record low C = 0.2
| Jun record low C = 3.9
| Jul record low C = 12.0
| Aug record low C = 5.7
| Sep record low C = -2.6
| Oct record low C = -8.3
| Nov record low C = -22.8
| Dec record low C = -30.2
| precipitation colour = green
| Jan precipitation mm = 6.0
| Feb precipitation mm = 9.7
| Mar precipitation mm = 16.7
| Apr precipitation mm = 35.2
| May precipitation mm = 63.6
| Jun precipitation mm = 92.5
| Jul precipitation mm = 167.0
| Aug precipitation mm = 167.1
| Sep precipitation mm = 50.8
| Oct precipitation mm = 44.1
| Nov precipitation mm = 22.8
| Dec precipitation mm = 12.0
| Jan humidity = 63
| Feb humidity = 57
| Mar humidity = 52
| Apr humidity = 49
| May humidity = 54
| Jun humidity = 67
| Jul humidity = 77
| Aug humidity = 79
| Sep humidity = 72
| Oct humidity = 66
| Nov humidity = 63
| Dec humidity = 64
| unit precipitation days = 0.1 mm
| Jan precipitation days = 3.7
| Feb precipitation days = 3.4
| Mar precipitation days = 4.8
| Apr precipitation days = 6.6
| May precipitation days = 9.0
| Jun precipitation days = 11.7
| Jul precipitation days = 12.2
| Aug precipitation days = 10.6
| Sep precipitation days = 6.5
| Oct precipitation days = 7.0
| Nov precipitation days = 5.8
| Dec precipitation days = 4.8
| Jan sun = 172.4
| Jan percentsun = 58
| Feb sun = 192.0
| Feb percentsun = 64
| Mar sun = 227.3
| Mar percentsun = 61
| Apr sun = 228.7
| Apr percentsun = 57
| May sun = 250.3
| May percentsun = 55
| Jun sun = 218.4
| Jun percentsun = 48
| Jul sun = 191.8
| Jul percentsun = 42
| Aug sun = 204.3
| Aug percentsun = 48
| Sep sun = 219.9
| Sep percentsun = 59
| Oct sun = 204.8
| Oct percentsun = 60
| Nov sun = 158.5
| Nov percentsun = 54
| Dec sun = 153.0
| Dec percentsun = 54
| Jan snow days = 4.8
| Feb snow days = 4.5
| Mar snow days = 4.3
| Apr snow days = 1.1
| May snow days = 0
| Jun snow days = 0
| Jul snow days = 0
| Aug snow days = 0
| Sep snow days = 0
| Oct snow days = 0.6
| Nov snow days = 4.3
| Dec snow days = 5.8
| year snow days = 
| source 1 = China Meteorological Administration<ref>{{cite web
|url=https://experience.arcgis.com/template/e724038fda394e9d9b7921f10fd1aa55/page/%E7%BA%AF%E8%A1%A8%E6%A0%BC%E7%BB%9F%E8%AE%A1-(%E5%AF%B9%E6%AF%948110%E5%8F%98%E5%8C%96)/?org=UQmaps
|script-title = zh:CMA台站气候标准值(1991-2020)
|publisher =  [[China Meteorological Administration]]
 | language = zh | access-date = 2023-04-11
|title = Experience Template
}}</ref><ref name="CMA old">
{{cite web |url=http://old-cdc.cma.gov.cn/shuju/search1.jsp?dsid=SURF_CLI_CHN_MUL_MMON_19712000_CES&tpcat=SURF&type=table&pageid=3 |script-title=zh:中国地面国际交换站气候标准值月值数据集(1971-2000年) |publisher=[[China Meteorological Administration]] |language=zh-hans |access-date=2010-01-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130921055035/http://old-cdc.cma.gov.cn/shuju/search1.jsp?dsid=SURF_CLI_CHN_MUL_MMON_19712000_CES&tpcat=SURF&type=table&pageid=3 |archive-date=2013-09-21}}</ref><ref name="cma graphical">
{{cite web |url=http://data.cma.cn/data/weatherBk.html |script-title=zh:中国气象数据网 - WeatherBk Data |publisher=[[China Meteorological Administration]] |access-date=2018-11-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170923231541/http://data.cma.cn/data/weatherbk.html |archive-date=2017-09-23 |url-status=live |title=Index}}
</ref> all-time extreme temperature<ref name = Mherrera/>
| date = August 2010
| source = 
}}
<div style="width: 80%;"></div>
{{Graph:Weather monthly history
| table=Ncei.noaa.gov/weather/Shenyang.tab
| title=Shenyang temperature
}}