Editing Shame (section)

=== Other subtypes ===
* '''[[Addiction shaming]]'''
* '''[[Age shaming]]'''
* '''[[Bottom shaming]]'''
* '''Genuine shame''': is associated with genuine dishonor, disgrace, or condemnation.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Myers |first=Lin S. |date=2007-06-14 |title=A Review of: "Shame and Guilt" |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00926230701372124 |journal=Journal of Sex & Marital Therapy |volume=33 |issue=4 |pages=380–382 |doi=10.1080/00926230701372124 |issn=0092-623X}}</ref>
* '''False shame''': is associated with false condemnation as in the [[double bind]] form of false shaming; "he brought what we did to him upon himself". Author and TV personality [[John Bradshaw (author)|John Bradshaw]] calls shame the "emotion that lets us know we are finite".<ref>{{Citation |last= Bradshaw |first= John |title= Bradshaw on the Family: A New Way of Creating Solid Self-Esteem |publisher= [[HCI Books|HCI]] |date=  1996 |isbn= 978-1-55874-427-1 |url= https://archive.org/details/bradshawonfamily00brad }}</ref>
* '''[[Fat shaming]]'''
* '''[[Femme shaming]]''''
* '''[[Food shaming]]'''
* '''Secret shame''': describes the idea of being ashamed to be ashamed, so causing ashamed people to keep their shame a secret.<ref>Gilligan, James (1997) ''Violence: Reflections on a National Epidemic'' Vintage Books, New York</ref> Psychiatrist James Gilligan discovered, while working as a prison psychiatrist, that violence is primarily caused by secret shame. Gilligan stated, "...so intense and so painful that it threatens to overwhelm him and bring about the death of the self, cause him to lose his mind, his soul, or his sacred honor"<ref>{{Cite book |first=James |last=Gilligan |url=http://worldcat.org/oclc/35714306 |title=Violence : reflections on a national epidemic |date=1997 |publisher=Vintage Books |isbn=0-679-77912-4 |oclc=35714306}}</ref>
* '''Internalized shame''': Internalization of shame was first coined by Gershen Kaufman.<ref>Kaufman, G. (1980). ''Shame: The Power of Caring.'' Cambridge, MA: Schenkman Publishing Company, p. 7, 33. {{ISBN|0-87047-007-8}}.</ref> In contrast to an acute short-lived experience of shame, internalized shame reflects deep-seated beliefs of inadequacy that feel permanent and irreversible and are accompanied by words, voices, and images. Internalized shame stems from chronic or less frequent severe experiences of shame occurring with prior trauma or in childhood. It can take over a child's emotions and identity and continue into adulthood or may gradually increase over time.<ref>Tomkins, Silvan S. (1963). ''Affect Imagery Consciousness: The Negative Affects''. New York: Springer Publishing. pp. 302-303. {{ISBN|9780826105424}}.</ref> Once internalized, the original shaming event(s) and beliefs need not be recalled nor be conscious. Later experiences of shame are intensified and last longer. They do not require an external event or another person to trigger associated feelings and thoughts and can cause depression and feelings of hopelessness and despair. It also causes "shame anxiety," which makes people apprehensive about experiencing shame.<ref>Lancer, D. (2014). ''Conquering Shame and Codependency: 8 Steps to Freeing the True You.'' Hazelden Foundation, pp. 14-15, {{ISBN|978-1-61649-533-6}}.</ref>
* '''[[Identity Shaming]]'''
* '''[[Kink shaming]]'''
* '''[[Online shaming]]'''
* '''[[Social media shaming]]'''
* '''[[Slut-shaming]]'''
* '''[[Tech shame]]''': describes the shame that employees, particularly younger workers, feel when they have challenges utilizing technology at work.<ref name="Demopoulos">{{cite news |last1=Demopoulos |first1=Alaina |title='Scanners are complicated': why Gen Z faces workplace 'tech shame' |url=https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2023/feb/27/gen-z-tech-shame-office-technology-printers |access-date=14 July 2024 |work=The Guardian |date=28 February 2023}}</ref>
* '''Toxic shame''': describes false, [[pathological shame]]. It was coined by Sylvan Tomkins in the early 60s.<ref>Tomkins, Silvan S. (1963). ''Affect Imagery Consciousness: The Negative Affects. New York: Springer Publishing''. {{ISBN|9780826105424}}.</ref> John Bradshaw states that [[toxic shame]] is induced, inside children, by all forms of [[child abuse]]. [[Incest]] and other forms of [[child sexual abuse]] can cause particularly severe toxic shame. Toxic shame often induces what is known as ''complex'' [[Psychological trauma|trauma]] in children who cannot cope with toxic shaming as it occurs and who [[Dissociation (psychology)|dissociate]] the shame until it is possible to cope with.<ref>Bradshaw, John (2005) ''Healing the Shame That Binds You'' (2nd edition) Health Communications, Deerfield Beach, Florida, [https://books.google.com/books?id=JTuDfNyWR7kC&pg=PA101 p. 101] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160828010451/https://books.google.com/books?id=JTuDfNyWR7kC&pg=PA101 |date=August 28, 2016 }}, {{ISBN|0-7573-0323-4}}</ref>
* '''Vicarious shame''': refers to the experience of shame on behalf of another person. Individuals vary in their tendency to experience vicarious shame, which is related to [[neurosis|neuroticism]] and to the tendency to experience personal shame. Extremely shame-prone people might even experience vicarious shame even to an increased degree, in other words: shame on behalf of another person who is already feeling shame on behalf of a third party (or possibly on behalf of the individual proper).<ref>{{Cite journal
|url=https://academic.oup.com/cercor/article/25/8/2065/311252
| journal = Cerebral Cortex | volume = 25
| issue=  8 | date = August 2015
| title = Mentalizing and the Role of the Posterior Superior Temporal Sulcus in Sharing Others' Embarrassment
| first1=Frieder Michel | last1=Paulus
| first2=Laura | last2=Müller-Pinzler
| first3=Andreas | last3= Jansen
| first4=Valeria |last4=Gazzola
| first5=Sören |last5=Krach
| pages= 2065–2075 | doi=10.1093/cercor/bhu011
| pmid = 24518753 | doi-access=free
| hdl=20.500.11755/755be558-40fa-42f7-92e1-13e2e53f7252
| hdl-access=free
}}</ref>
* '''[[Victim shaming]]'''