Editing Second Opium War (section)

===Treaties of Tianjin===
[[File:Signing of the Treaty of Tientsin-2.jpg|thumb|Signing of the [[Treaty of Tientsin]] in 1858]]

In June 1858, the first part of the war ended with the four [[Treaties of Tientsin]] (Tianjin), to which Britain, France, Russia, and the U.S. were parties. These treaties opened 11 more ports to Western trade. The Chinese initially refused to ratify the treaties.

The major points of the treaty were:
# Britain, France, Russia, and the U.S. would have the right to establish diplomatic [[legation]]s (small embassies) in [[Beijing]] (a closed city at the time)
# Ten more Chinese ports would be opened for foreign trade, including [[Niuzhuang]], [[Tamsui District|Tamsui]], [[Hankou District|Hankou]], and [[Nanjing]]
# The right of all foreign vessels including commercial ships to navigate freely on the [[Yangtze River]]
# The right of foreigners to travel in the internal regions of China, which had been formerly banned
# China was to pay an indemnity of four million [[tael]]s of silver to Britain and two million to France.<ref>{{cite web|title=The Evil Trade that Opened China to the West|last1=Ye Shen|first1=Shirley|first2=Eric H.|last2=Shaw|url=http://faculty.quinnipiac.edu/charm/CHARM%20proceedings/CHARM%20article%20archive%20pdf%20format/Volume%2013%202007/201-207_ye-sheng_shaw.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111203041828/http://faculty.quinnipiac.edu/charm/CHARM%20proceedings/CHARM%20article%20archive%20pdf%20format/Volume%2013%202007/201-207_ye-sheng_shaw.pdf|url-status=dead|archive-date=3 December 2011|page=197|access-date=21 September 2014}}</ref>