Editing Satire (section)

===Classifications by topics===
Types of satire can also be classified according to the topics it deals with. From the earliest times, at least since the plays of [[Aristophanes]], the primary topics of literary satire have been [[politics]], [[religion]] and [[sex]].<ref name="Clark91p116"/><ref name="Clark73p20"/><ref name="Clark80p45"/><ref>Ferdie Addis (2012) ''Qual è il tuo "tallone da killer"?'' [https://books.google.com/books?id=kKysGIQV4SgC&pg=PT20 p.20]</ref> This is partly because these are the most pressing problems that affect anybody living in a society, and partly because these topics are usually [[taboo]].<ref name="Clark91p116"/><ref name="Hodgart2009p33"/> Among these, politics in the broader sense is considered the pre-eminent topic of satire.<ref name="Hodgart2009p33"/> Satire which targets the [[clergy]] is a type of [[political satire]], while [[religious satire]] is that which targets [[religious belief]]s.<ref name="Hodgart2009p39"/> Satire on sex may overlap with [[blue comedy]], [[off-color humor]] and [[dick joke]]s.

[[Scatology]] has a long literary association with satire,<ref name="Clark91p116"/><ref name="Wilson2002pp"/><ref name="Anspaugh94"/> as it is a classical mode of the [[grotesque]], the [[grotesque body]] and the satiric grotesque.<ref name="Clark91p116"/><ref name="Andries2000p10"/> [[Shit]] plays a fundamental role in satire because it symbolizes [[death]], the turd being "the ultimate dead object".<ref name="Wilson2002pp"/><ref name="Anspaugh94"/> The satirical comparison of individuals or institutions with human [[excrement]], exposes their "inherent inertness, corruption and dead-likeness".<ref name="Wilson2002pp"/><ref name="Klein1993p20"/><ref name="Duprat1982p178"/> The [[ritual clown]]s of [[clown societies]], like among the [[Pueblo Indians]], have ceremonies with [[Coprophagia|filth-eating]].<ref name="Parsons34"/><ref name="Hyers96"/> In other cultures, [[sin-eating]] is an [[Apotropaic magic|apotropaic]] rite in which the sin-eater (also called filth-eater),<ref>Donald Alexander Mackenzie (1923) ''Myths of Pre-Columbian America'' [https://books.google.com/books?id=6chKHROa1icC&pg=PA229 p.229]</ref><ref>Patrick Marnham (2000) ''Dreaming with His Eyes Open: A Life of Diego Rivera'' [https://books.google.com/books?id=pcddElQo9JkC&pg=PA297 p.297]</ref> by ingesting the food provided, takes "upon himself the sins of the departed".<ref name="Davidson 1993p85"/> Satire about death overlaps with [[black humor]] and [[gallows humor]].

Another classification by topics is the distinction between political satire, religious satire and satire of manners.<ref name="Bloom1979"/> Political satire is sometimes called topical satire, satire of manners is sometimes called satire of everyday life, and religious satire is sometimes called philosophical satire. [[Comedy of manners]], sometimes also called satire of manners, criticizes mode of life of common people; political satire aims at behavior, manners of politicians, and vices of political systems. Historically, comedy of manners, which first appeared in British theater in 1620, has uncritically accepted the social code of the upper classes.<ref name="Nicoll1951p179"/> Comedy in general accepts the rules of the social game, while satire subverts them.<ref name="Hodgart2009p189"/>

Another analysis of satire is the spectrum of his possible [[Tone (literature)|tone]]s: [[wit]], [[ridicule]], [[irony]], [[sarcasm]], [[Cynicism (philosophy)|cynicism]], the [[sardonic]] and [[invective]].<ref name="Pollard1970p66"/><ref name="Clark1946p32"/>

The type of humour that deals with creating laughter at the expense of the person telling the joke is called reflexive humour.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|last=Zekavat|first=Massih|title=Reflexive humour and satire: a critical review|journal=European Journal of Humour Research|year=2020|volume=7|issue=4|pages=125–136|doi=10.7592/EJHR2019.7.4.zekavat|doi-access=free}}</ref> Reflexive humour can take place at dual levels of directing humour at self or at the larger community the self identifies with. The audience's understanding of the context of reflexive humour is important for its receptivity and success.<ref name=":0" /> Satire is found not only in written literary forms. In [[preliterate culture]]s it manifests itself in [[ritual clown|ritual]] and folk forms, as well as in [[trickster]] tales and [[oral poetry]].<ref name="Test1991p8" />

It appears also in graphic arts, music, sculpture, dance, [[cartoon strip]]s, and [[graffiti]]. Examples are [[Dada]] sculptures, [[Pop Art]] works, music of [[Gilbert and Sullivan]] and [[Erik Satie]], [[Punk rock|punk]] and [[rock music]].<ref name="Test1991p8"/> In modern [[media culture]], [[stand-up comedy]] is an enclave in which satire can be introduced into [[mass media]], challenging mainstream discourse.<ref name="Test1991p8"/> [[Roast (comedy)|Comedy roast]]s, mock festivals, and stand-up comedians in nightclubs and concerts are the modern forms of ancient satiric rituals.<ref name="Test1991p8"/><ref>{{Cite book|last1=Vuong|first1=Quan-Hoang|title=The Kingfisher Story Collection|date=2022|publisher=AISDL|isbn=979-8353946595}}</ref>