Editing Satan (section)

====Gospels, Acts, and epistles====
[[File:Ary_Scheffer_-_The_Temptation_of_Christ_(1854).jpg|thumb|upright|The Devil depicted in ''The Temptation of Christ'', by [[Ary Scheffer]], 1854]]
The three Synoptic Gospels all describe the [[temptation of Christ]] by Satan in the desert ({{bibleverse|Matthew|4:1–11|9}}, {{bibleverse|Mark|1:12–13|9}}, and {{bibleverse|Luke|4:1–13|9}}).{{sfn|Kelly|2006|pages=88–95}} Satan first shows Jesus a stone and tells him to turn it into bread.{{sfn|Kelly|2006|pages=88–95}} He also takes him to the pinnacle of the [[Second Temple|Temple]] in Jerusalem and commands Jesus to throw himself down so that the angels will catch him.{{sfn|Kelly|2006|pages=88–95}} Satan takes Jesus to the top of a tall mountain as well; there, he shows him the kingdoms of the earth and promises to give them all to him if he will bow down and worship him.{{sfn|Kelly|2006|pages=88–95}} Each time Jesus rebukes Satan{{sfn|Kelly|2006|pages=88–95}} and, after the third temptation, he is administered by the angels.{{sfn|Kelly|2006|pages=88–95}} Satan's promise in {{bibleverse|Matthew|4:8–9|9}} and {{bibleverse|Luke|4:6–7|9}} to give Jesus all the kingdoms of the earth implies that all those kingdoms belong to him.{{sfn|Kelly|2006|page=95}} The fact that Jesus does not dispute Satan's promise indicates that the authors of those gospels believed this to be true.{{sfn|Kelly|2006|page=95}}

Satan plays a role in some of the [[parables of Jesus]], namely the [[Parable of the Sower]], the [[Parable of the Tares|Parable of the Weeds]], [[The Sheep and the Goats|Parable of the Sheep and the Goats]], and the [[Parable of the Strong Man]].{{sfn|Beekmann|Bolt|2012|page=99–102}} According to the Parable of the Sower, Satan "profoundly influences" those who fail to understand the gospel.{{sfn|Beekmann|Bolt|2012|page=99–100}} The latter two parables say that Satan's followers will be punished on [[Judgement Day]], with the Parable of the Sheep and the Goats stating that the Devil, his angels, and the people who follow him will be consigned to "eternal fire".{{sfn|Beekmann|Bolt|2012|page=100–101}} When the [[Pharisees]] accused Jesus of exorcising demons through the power of Beelzebub, Jesus responds by telling the Parable of the Strong Man, saying: "how can someone enter a strong man's house and plunder his goods, unless he first binds the strong man? Then indeed he may plunder his house" ({{bibleverse|Matthew|12:29|9}}).{{sfn|Peterson|2012|page=428}} The strong man in this parable represents Satan.{{sfn|Beekmann|Bolt|2012|page=102}}

The Synoptic Gospels identify Satan and his demons as the causes of illness,{{sfn|Kelly|2006|page=95}} including [[fever]] ({{bibleverse|Luke|4:39|9}}), [[leprosy]] ({{bibleverse|Luke|5:13|9}}), and [[arthritis]] ({{bibleverse|Luke|13:11–16|9}}),{{sfn|Kelly|2006|page=95}} while the [[Epistle to the Hebrews]] describes the Devil as "him who holds the power of death" ({{bibleverse|Hebrews|2:14|9}}).{{sfn|Bass|2014|page=113}} The author of [[Luke-Acts]] attributes more power to Satan than either Matthew and Mark.{{sfn|Kelly|2006|pages=95–96}} In {{bibleverse|Luke|22:31|9}}, Jesus grants Satan the authority to test [[Saint Peter|Peter]] and the other [[Apostles in the New Testament|apostles]].{{sfn|Kelly|2006|pages=102, 142}} {{bibleverse|Luke|22:3–6|9}} states that [[Judas Iscariot]] betrayed Jesus because "Satan entered" him{{sfn|Kelly|2006|pages=95–96}} and, in {{bibleverse|Acts|5:3|9}}, Peter describes Satan as "filling" [[Ananias and Sapphira|Ananias]]'s heart and causing him to sin.{{sfn|Kelly|2006|page=106}} The [[Gospel of John]] only uses the name ''Satan'' three times.{{sfn|Kelly|2006|page=107}} In {{bibleverse|John|8:44|9}}, Jesus says that his Jewish or Judean enemies are the children of the Devil rather than the children of Abraham.{{sfn|Kelly|2006|page=107}} The same verse describes the Devil as "a man-killer from the beginning"{{sfn|Kelly|2006|page=107}} and "a liar and the father of lying."{{sfn|Kelly|2006|page=107}}{{sfn|Almond|2004|page=11}} {{bibleverse|John|13:2|9}} describes the Devil as inspiring Judas to betray Jesus{{sfn|Kelly|2006|page=109}} and {{bibleverse|John|12:31–32|9}} identifies Satan as "the [[Archon (Gnosticism)|Archon]] of this Cosmos", who is destined to be overthrown through Jesus's death and resurrection.{{sfn|Kelly|2006|page=112}} {{bibleverse|John|16:7–8|9}} promises that the [[Holy Spirit in Christianity|Holy Spirit]] will "accuse the World concerning sin, justice, and judgement", a role resembling that of the Satan in the Old Testament.{{sfn|Kelly|2006|pages=112–113}}

{{bibleverse|Jude|9|9}} refers to a dispute between [[Michael (archangel)|Michael the Archangel]] and the Devil over the body of [[Moses]].{{sfn|Kelly|2006|pages=128–129}}<ref name="DavidsMoo2016"/><ref name="LucasGreen2014"/> Some interpreters understand this reference to be an allusion to the events described in {{bibleverse|Zechariah|3:1–2|9}}.<ref name="DavidsMoo2016">{{cite book|author1=Peter H. Davids|author2=Douglas J. Moo|author3=Robert Yarbrough|title=1 and 2 Peter, Jude, 1, 2, and 3 John|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=opOGCwAAQBAJ&pg=PT240|year=2016|publisher=Zondervan|isbn=978-0-310-53025-1|page=240}}</ref><ref name="LucasGreen2014">{{cite book|author1=R. C. Lucas|author2=Christopher Green|title=The Message of 2 Peter & Jude|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sbadAwAAQBAJ&pg=PT168|year=2014|publisher=InterVarsity Press|isbn=978-0-8308-9784-1|pages=168–}}</ref> The classical theologian [[Origen]] attributes this reference to the non-canonical [[Assumption of Moses]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ccel.org/ccel/schaff/anf04.vi.v.iv.iv.html|title=Philip Schaff: ANF04. Fathers of the Third Century: Tertullian, Part Fourth; Minucius Felix; Commodian; Origen, Parts First and Second - Christian Classics Ethereal Library|website=www.ccel.org}}</ref>{{sfn|Kelly|2006|page=129}} According to [[James H. Charlesworth]], there is no evidence the surviving book of this name ever contained any such content.<ref name="OTP">James Charlesworth ''Old Testament Pseudepigrapha'', p. 76, [https://books.google.com/books?id=eRQ9AAAAIAAJ&q=Jude+Moses&pg=PA76 Google books link]</ref> Others believe it to be in the lost ending of the book.<ref name="OTP"/><ref>The Assumption of Moses: a critical edition with commentary By Johannes Tromp. p. 270</ref> The second chapter of the pseudepigraphical [[Second Epistle of Peter]]{{Sfn|Kelly|2006|page=130}} copies much of the content of the Epistle of Jude,{{sfn|Kelly|2006|page=130}} but omits the specifics of the example regarding Michael and Satan, with {{bibleverse|2 Peter|2:10–11|9}} instead mentioning only an ambiguous dispute between "Angels" and "Glories".{{sfn|Kelly|2006|page=130}} Throughout the New Testament, Satan is referred to as a "tempter" ({{bibleverse|Matthew|4:3|9}}),{{sfn|Campo|2009|page=603}} "the ruler of the demons" ({{bibleverse|Matthew|12:24|9}}),{{sfn|Kelly|2006|page=271}}{{sfn|Campo|2009|page=603}} "the God of this Age" ({{bibleverse|2 Corinthians|4:4|9}}),{{sfn|Kelly|2006|page=66}} "the evil one" ({{bibleverse|1 John|5:18|9}}),{{sfn|Campo|2009|page=603}} and "a roaring lion" ({{bibleverse|1 Peter|5:8|9}}).{{sfn|Kelly|2006|page=271}}