Editing Sarvastivada (section)

== Texts ==

===Vinaya===
The [[Dharmaguptaka]] are known to have rejected the authority of the Sarvāstivāda [[pratimoksha|pratimokṣa]] rules on the grounds that the original teachings of the Buddha had been lost.<ref>Baruah, Bibhuti. ''Buddhist Sects and Sectarianism''. 2008. p. 52</ref>

The complete Sarvāstivāda Vinaya is extant in the [[Chinese Buddhist canon]]. In its early history, the Sarvāstivāda Vinaya was the most common vinaya tradition in China. However, [[Chinese Buddhism]] later settled on the [[Dharmaguptaka]] Vinaya. In the 7th century, Yijing wrote that in eastern China, most people followed the Dharmaguptaka Vinaya, while the Mahāsāṃghika Vinaya was used in earlier times in [[Guanzhong]] (the region around [[Chang'an]]), and that the Sarvāstivāda Vinaya was prominent in the [[Yangzi River]] area and further south.<ref>Mohr, Thea. Tsedroen, Jampa. ''Dignity and Discipline: Reviving Full Ordination for Buddhist Nuns.'' 2010. p. 187</ref> In the 7th century, the existence of multiple Vinaya lineages throughout China was criticized by prominent Vinaya masters such as Yijing and Dao'an (654&ndash;717). In the early 8th century, Daoan gained the support of [[Emperor Zhongzong of Tang]], and an imperial edict was issued that the saṃgha in China should use only the Dharmaguptaka Vinaya for ordination.<ref>Heirman, Ann. Bumbacher, Stephan Peter. ''The Spread of Buddhism''. 2007. pp. 194-195</ref>

===Āgamas===
Scholars at present have "a nearly complete collection of sūtras from the Sarvāstivāda school"<ref>{{cite web|last=Sujato|first=Bhikkhu|author-link=Bhante Sujato|url=https://budsas.net/ebud/ebdha346.htm|title=What the Buddha really taught: The Pali Nikāyas and Chinese Āgamas|website=BuddhaSasana|access-date=July 5, 2024}}</ref> thanks to a recent discovery in Afghanistan of roughly two-thirds of the [[Dirgha_Agama|Dīrgha Āgama]] in Sanskrit. The [[Madhyama Āgama]] (T26, Chinese trans. Gotama Saṅghadeva) and Saṃyukta Āgama (T99, Chinese trans. Guṇabhadra) have long been available in Chinese translation. The Sarvāstivāda is therefore the only early school besides the Theravada for which we have a roughly complete sutra collection, although unlike the Theravada it has not all been preserved in the original language.

===Abhidharma===
During the first century, the Sarvāstivāda abhidharma primarily consisted of the ''Abhidharmahrdaya'' authored by Dharmashresthin, a native from [[Tokharistan]], and the ''Ashtagrantha'' authored/compiled by Katyayaniputra. Both texts were translated by Samghadeva in 391 AD and in 183 AD. respectively, but they were not completed until 390 in Southern China.

The Sarvāstivāda Abhidharma consists of seven texts:

*''[[Jnanaprasthana|Jñānaprasthāna]]'' ("Foundation of Knowledge") (T. 1543–1544)
*''[[Prakaranapada|Prakaraṇapāda]]'' ("Exposition") (T. 1541–1542)
*''[[Vijnanakaya|Vijñānakāya]]'' ("Body of Consciousness") (T. 1539)
*''[[Dharmaskandha]]'' ("Aggregation of Dharmas") (T. 1537)
*''[[Prajnaptisastra|Prajñaptiśāstra]]'' ("Treatise on Designations") (T. 1538)
*''[[Dhatukaya|Dhātukāya]]'' ("Body of Elements") (T. 1540)
*''[[Sangitiparyaya|Saṅgītiparyāya]]'' ("Discourses on Gathering Together") (T. 1536)

Following these, are the texts that became the authority of the Vaibhāṣika:

*''[[Mahavibhasa|Mahāvibhāṣā]]'' ("Great Commentary" on the ''Jñānaprasthāna'') (T. 1545)

All of these works have been translated into Chinese, and are now part of the [[Chinese Buddhist canon]]. In the Chinese context, the word ''abhidharma'' refers to the Sarvāstivāda abhidharma, although at a minimum the Dharmaguptaka, [[Pudgalavada]] and [[Theravada]] also had abhidharmas.

=== Later Abhidharma manuals ===
Various other Abhidharma works were written by Sarvāstivāda masters, some are more concise manuals of abhidharma, others critiqued the orthodox Vaibhāṣika views or provided a defense of the orthodoxy. Dhammajoti provides the following list of such later abhidharma works that are extant in Chinese: 108 109

* ''*Abhidharmāmṛta(-rasa)-śāstra'' (T no. 1553), by Ghoṣaka, 2 fasc., translator unknown. 2.
* ''*Abhidharmahṛdaya'' (T no. 1550) by Dharmaśrī, 4 fasc., tr. by Saṅghadeva et al. 3.
* ''*Abhidharmahṛdaya-sūtra'' (? T no. 1551) by Upaśānta, 2 fasc., tr. by Narendrayaśas.
* ''*Abhidharmahṛdayavyākhyā'' (? T no. 1552), by Dharmatrāta, 11 fasc., tr. by Sanghabhūti. 
* ''Abhidharmakośa-mūla-kārikā'' (T no. 1560) by Vasubandhu, 1 fasc., tr. by Xuan Zang. 6.
* ''Abhidharmakośabhāṣyam'' (T no. 1558) by Vasubandhu, 1 fasc., tr. by Xuan Zang; (there is also an earlier translation by Paramārtha: T no. 1559). 
* ''*Abhidharmakośaśāstra-tattvārthā-ṭīkā'' (T no. 1561) by Sthiramati, 2 fasc., translator unknown.
* ''*Abhidharma-nyāyānusāra'' (T no. 1562) by Saṃghabhadra, 40 fasc., tr. by Xuan Zang.
* ''*Abhidharma-samayapradīpikā'' (T no. 1563) by Saṃghabhadra, 40 fasc., tr. by Xuan Zang. 
* ''*Abhidharmāvatāra'' (T no. 1554) by Skandhila, 2 fasc., tr. by Xuan Zang.