Editing Sardinia (section)

=== Aragonese period ===
In 1297, [[Pope Boniface VIII]] established on his own initiative (''[[motu proprio]]'') a hypothetical ''regnum Sardiniae et Corsicae'' ("[[Kingdom of Sardinia|Kingdom of Sardinia and Corsica]]") in order to settle the [[War of the Sicilian Vespers]] diplomatically. This had broken out in 1282 between the [[Capetian House of Anjou]] and [[Aragon]] over the possession of Sicily. Despite the existence of the indigenous states, the Pope offered this newly created crown to [[James II of Aragon]], promising him support should he wish to conquer Pisan Sardinia in exchange for Sicily.
[[File:Proclamazione della Repubblica sassarese - Giuseppe Sciuti, 1880 - Sassari, Palazzo della Provincia.png|thumb|upright=1.35|The proclamation of the Republic of [[Sassari]]. The Sassarese republic lasted from 1272 until 1323, when it sided with the new born Kingdom of Sardinia.]]

In 1324, in alliance with the Kingdom of Arborea{{sfn|Casula|1994|p=342}} and following a [[Aragonese conquest of Sardinia|military campaign]] that lasted a year or so, the Aragon Crown Prince [[Alfonso IV of Aragon|Alfonso]] led an Aragonese army that occupied the Pisan territories of Cagliari and Gallura along with the allied city of Sassari, naming them "The Kingdom of Sardinia and Corsica". The kingdom was to remain a dominion of the Crown of Aragon (under the 16th-century kings of Spain) until the [[Peace of Utrecht]].

During this period, the Judicate of Arborea promulgated the legal code of the kingdom in the ''[[Carta de Logu]]'' ('Charter of the Land'). The Carta de Logu was originally compiled by [[Marianus IV of Arborea]], and was amended and updated by Mariano's daughter, Female Judge ({{lang|sc|judikessa}} or {{lang|sc|juighissa}}) [[Eleanor of Arborea]]. The legal code was written in [[Sardinian language|Sardinian]] and established a whole range of citizens' rights. Among the revolutionary concepts in this Carta de Logu was the right of women to refuse marriage and to own property. In terms of civil liberties, the code made provincial 14th century Sardinia one of the most developed societies in all of Europe.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://traveler.nationalgeographic.com/2009/09/drives/italy-emerald-coast-text |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090815145033/http://traveler.nationalgeographic.com/2009/09/drives/italy-emerald-coast-text |url-status=dead |archive-date=15 August 2009 |title=Sardinia, Italy, Drive – National Geographic Traveler |publisher=Traveler.nationalgeographic.com |access-date=23 April 2010}}</ref>

In 1353, [[Peter IV of Aragon]], following Aragonese customs, granted a parliament to the kingdom of Sardinia and Corsica, which was followed by some degree of self-government under a viceroy and judicial independence. This parliament, however, had limited powers. It consisted of high-ranking military commanders, the clergy and the nobility. The kingdom of Aragon also introduced the [[feudalism|feudal]] system into the areas of Sardinia that it ruled.

The Sardinian Judicates never adopted feudalism, and Arborea maintained its parliament, called the ''[[Corona de Logu]]'' 'Crown of the Realm'. In this parliament, apart from the nobles and military commanders, also sat the representatives of each township and village. The Corona de Logu exercised some control over the king: under the rule of the ''bannus consensus'' the king could be deposed or even executed if he did not follow the rules of the kingdom.
[[File:Eleanor statue Oristano.jpg|thumb|left|Statue of the ''Juighissa'' [[Eleanor of Arborea]] in [[Oristano]]]]
Having broken the alliance with the Crown of Aragon, from 1353{{sfn|Casula|1994|p=349}} to 1409, the Arborean giudici [[Marianus IV of Arborea|Marianus IV]], [[Hugh III of Arborea|Hugh III]] and [[Brancaleone Doria]] (husband of [[Eleanor of Arborea]]), succeeded in occupying all of Sardinia except the heavily fortified towns of the Castle of [[Cagliari]] and [[Alghero]], which for years remained as the only Aragonese dominions in Sardinia ([[Sardinian–Aragonese war]]).

In 1409, [[Martin I of Sicily]], king of Sicily and heir to the crown of Aragon, defeated the Sardinians at the [[Battle of Sanluri]]. The battle was fought by about 20,000 Sardinian, Genoese and French knights, enrolled from their kingdom at a time when the population of Sardinia had been greatly depleted by the plague. Despite the Sardinian army outnumbering the Aragonese army, they were defeated.

The Judicate of Arborea disappeared in 1420, when its rights were sold by the last king for 100,000 [[Florin (Italian coin)|gold florins]],{{sfn|Casula|1994|p=372}} and after some of its most notable men switched sides in exchange for privileges. For example, Leonardo Cubello, with some claim to the crown being from a family related to the Kings of Arborea, was granted the title of [[Marquisate of Oristano|Marquis of Oristano]] and feudal rights on a territory that partly overlapped with the original extension of the Kingdom of Arborea in exchange for his subjection to the [[List of Aragonese monarchs|Aragonese monarchs]].

The conquest of Sardinia by the [[Kingdom of Aragon]] meant the introduction of the feudal system throughout Sardinia. Thus Sardinia is probably the only European country where feudalism was introduced in the transition period from the Middle Ages to the [[early modern period]], at a time when feudalism had already been abandoned by many other European countries.