Editing Saṃsāra (section)

==In Sikhism==
[[Sikhism]] incorporates the concepts of ''saṃsāra'' (sometimes spelled as ''Saṅsāra'' in Sikh texts), karma and cyclical nature of time and existence.<ref name="Mandair2013p145">{{cite book|author= Arvind-Pal Singh Mandair|title= Sikhism: A Guide for the Perplexed |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Jn_jBAAAQBAJ |year=2013|publisher=Bloomsbury Academic |isbn=978-1-4411-5366-1 |pages=145–46, 181, 220 }}</ref><ref name=colesambhi13/> Founded in the 15th century, its founder [[Guru Nanak]] incorporated the cyclical concept of ancient Indian religions and the cyclical concept of time, state Cole and Sambhi.<ref name=colesambhi13>{{cite book|author1=W.O. Cole |author2=Piara Singh Sambhi |title=Sikhism and Christianity: A Comparative Study |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=G8KMCwAAQBAJ |year=2016|publisher=Springer |isbn= 978-1-349-23049-5 |pages= 13–14}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|author= Arvind-Pal Singh Mandair|title= Sikhism: A Guide for the Perplexed |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Jn_jBAAAQBAJ |year=2013|publisher=Bloomsbury Academic |isbn=978-1-4411-5366-1 |page=176 }}</ref> However, states Arvind-Pal Singh Mandair, there are important differences between the ''Saṅsāra'' concept in Sikhism from the ''saṃsāra'' concept in many traditions within Hinduism.<ref name="Mandair2013p145"/> The difference is that Sikhism firmly believes in the grace of God as the means to salvation, and its precepts encourage the [[bhakti]] of One Lord for ''mukti'' (salvation).<ref name="Mandair2013p145"/><ref>{{cite book|author=H. S. Singha |title=The Encyclopedia of Sikhism |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gqIbJz7vMn0C |year=2000|publisher=Hemkunt Press|isbn=978-81-7010-301-1 |pages=68, 80}}</ref>

Sikhism, like the three ancient Indian traditions, believes that body is perishable, that there is a cycle of rebirth, and that there is suffering with each cycle of rebirth.<ref name="Mandair2013p145"/><ref>{{cite book|author1=Pashaura Singh |author2=Louis E. Fenech |title=The Oxford Handbook of Sikh Studies |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7YwNAwAAQBAJ|year=2014|publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-100411-7|pages=231, 607}}</ref> These features of Sikhism, along with its belief in ''Saṅsāra'' and the grace of God, are similar to some bhakti-oriented sub-traditions within Hinduism such as those found in [[Vaishnavism]].<ref>{{cite book|author=James Thrower |title= Religion: The Classical Theories|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=luQnAAAAYAAJ|year=1999|publisher= Georgetown University Press|isbn=978-0-87840-751-4 |pages=40 }}</ref><ref>{{cite book|author=J. S. Grewal |title=Religious Movements and Institutions in Medieval India |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MSkvAAAAYAAJ |date=2006 |publisher= Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-567703-4 |pages=394–95}}</ref> Sikhism does not believe that ascetic life, as recommended in Jainism, is the path to liberation. Rather, it cherishes social engagement and householder's life combined with devotion to the One God as Guru, to be the path of liberation from ''saṅsāra''.<ref>{{cite book|author1=Pashaura Singh |author2=Louis E. Fenech |title=The Oxford Handbook of Sikh Studies |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7YwNAwAAQBAJ|year=2014|publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-100411-7|pages=230–31}}</ref>