Editing Russia (section)

====Constitutional monarchy and World War====
Under last Russian emperor, [[Nicholas&nbsp;II]] (1894–1917), the [[Revolution of 1905]] was triggered by the humiliating failure of the [[Russo-Japanese War]].<ref>{{cite journal |last=Esthus |first=Raymond A. |title=Nicholas II and the Russo-Japanese War |jstor=129919 |doi=10.2307/129919 |volume=40 |number=4 |journal=[[The Russian Review]]  |date=October 1981 |pages=396–411}}</ref> The uprising was put down, but the government was forced to concede major reforms ([[Russian Constitution of 1906]]), including granting [[freedom of speech|freedoms of speech]] and [[freedom of assembly|assembly]], the legalisation of political parties, and the creation of an elected legislative body, the [[State Duma (Russian Empire)|State Duma]].<ref>{{cite journal |last=Doctorow |first=Gilbert S. |title=The Fundamental State Laws of 23 April 1906 |journal=[[The Russian Review]] |year=1976 |jstor=127655 |doi=10.2307/127655 |volume=35 |number=1 |pages=33–52}}</ref>