Editing Rudolf Virchow (section)

===Pathology===
Virchow founded the medical fields of [[cellular pathology]] and comparative pathology (comparison of diseases common to humans and animals). His most important work in the field was ''Cellular Pathology'' (''Die Cellularpathologie in ihrer Begründung auf physiologische und pathologische Gewebelehre'') published in 1858, as a collection of his lectures.<ref name=berlinmuseum/> This is regarded as the basis of modern medical science,<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Reese|first1=DM|title=Fundamentals—Rudolf Virchow and modern medicine|journal=The Western Journal of Medicine|year=1998|volume=169|issue=2|pages=105–108|pmid=9735691|pmc=1305179}}</ref> and the "greatest advance which scientific medicine had made since its beginning."<ref name=Knatterud>{{cite book|last1=Knatterud|first1=Mary E.|title=First Do No Harm: Empathy and the Writing of Medical Journal Articles|year=2002|publisher=Routledge|location=New York|isbn=978-0-4159-3387-2|pages=43–45|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NhIv-wHBVs0C|access-date=27 January 2016|archive-date=17 April 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220417165548/https://books.google.com/books?id=NhIv-wHBVs0C|url-status=live}}</ref>

His very innovative work may be viewed as between that of [[Giovanni Battista Morgagni]], whose work Virchow studied, and that of [[Paul Ehrlich]], who studied at the Charité while Virchow was developing microscopic pathology there. One of Virchow's major contributions to German medical education was to encourage the use of microscopes by medical students, and he was known for constantly urging his students to "think microscopically". He was the first to establish a link between infectious diseases between humans and animals, for which he coined the term "[[zoonoses]]".<ref name="myron">{{cite journal |year=2008 |last1=Schultz |first1=Myron |title=Rudolf Virchow |volume=14 |issue=9 |pages=1480–1481 |journal=Emerg Infect Dis|doi=10.3201/eid1409.086672|pmc=2603088}}</ref> He also introduced scientific terms such as "[[chromatin]]", "[[agenesis]]", "[[parenchyma]]", "[[osteoid]]", "[[amyloid degeneration]]", and "[[spina bifida]]".<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Titford|first1=M.|title=Rudolf Virchow: Cellular Pathologist|journal=Laboratory Medicine|date=21 April 2010|volume=41|issue=5|pages=311–312|doi=10.1309/LM3GYQTY79CPYLBI|doi-access=free}}</ref> His concepts on pathology directly opposed humourism, an ancient medical dogma that diseases were due to imbalanced body fluids, hypothetically called humours, that still pervaded.<ref name="etzioni">{{cite book|last1=Etzioni|first1=Amos|last2=Ochs|first2=Hans D.|title=Primary Immunodeficiency Disorders: A Historic and Scientific Perspective|date=2014|publisher=Elsevier Academic Press|location=Oxford|isbn=978-0-12-407179-7|pages=3–4|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SF9zAwAAQBAJ|access-date=25 March 2016|archive-date=7 April 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220407010358/https://books.google.com/books?id=SF9zAwAAQBAJ|url-status=live}}</ref>

Virchow was a great influence on Swedish pathologist [[Axel Key]], who worked as his assistant during Key's doctoral studies in Berlin.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ljunggren |first=Magnus |date=2006-09-07 |title=Utforskare av kroppens okända passager |url=http://www.svd.se/dynamiskt/kultur/did_13625706.asp |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070929134712/http://www.svd.se/dynamiskt/kultur/did_13625706.asp |archive-date=2007-09-29 |website=[[Svenska Dagbladet]] |language=sv}}</ref>

====Parasitology====
Virchow worked out the life cycle of a roundworm ''[[Trichinella spiralis]]''. Virchow noticed a mass of circular white flecks in the muscle of dog and human cadavers, similar to those described by [[Richard Owen]] in 1835. He confirmed by microscopic observation that the white particles were indeed the larvae of roundworms, curled up in the muscle tissue. Rudolph Leukart found that these tiny worms could develop into adult roundworms in the intestine of a dog. He correctly asserted that these worms could also cause human [[helminthiasis]]. Virchow further demonstrated that if the infected meat is first heated to 137&nbsp;°F for 10 minutes, the worms could not infect dogs or humans.<ref>{{cite web|title=Discovery of Life Cycle|url=http://www.trichinella.org/history_2.htm|website=Trichinella.org|access-date=24 November 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140319135716/http://www.trichinella.org/history_2.htm|archive-date=19 March 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref> He established that human roundworm infection occurs via contaminated pork. This directly led to the establishment of meat inspection, which was first adopted in Berlin.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Nöckler|first1=K|title=Current status of the discussion on the certification of so-called "Trichinella-free areas"|journal=Berliner und Munchener Tierarztliche Wochenschrift|date=2000|volume=113|issue=4|pages=134–138|pmid=10816912}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last1=Saunders|first1=L. Z.|title=Virchow's Contributions to Veterinary Medicine: Celebrated Then, Forgotten Now|journal=Veterinary Pathology|date=2000|volume=37|issue=3|pages=199–207|doi=10.1354/vp.37-3-199|pmid=10810984|s2cid=19501338}}</ref>