Editing Royal Academy of Arts (section)

==Royal Academy Schools==
The Royal Academy Schools form the oldest art school in Britain, and have been an integral part of the Royal Academy of Arts since its foundation in 1768. A key principle of the RA Schools is that their three-year post graduate programme is free of charge to every applicant offered a place.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.royalacademy.org.uk/the-ra-schools|title=Royal Academy Schools Prospectus &#124; Royal Academy of Arts|website=www.royalacademy.org.uk|access-date=25 July 2020|archive-date=21 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190321092745/https://www.royalacademy.org.uk/the-ra-schools|url-status=live}}</ref> [[File:Royal Academy Students Supper 1889.jpg|thumb|right| Royal Academy Students Supper 1889. Front page of menu.]]

The Royal Academy Schools was the first institution to provide professional training for artists in Britain. The Schools' programme of formal training was modelled on that of the French [[Académie de peinture et de sculpture]], founded by [[Louis XIV of France|Louis XIV]] in 1648. It was shaped by the precepts laid down by Sir Joshua Reynolds. In his fifteen ''Discourses'' delivered to pupils in the Schools between 1769 and 1790, Reynolds stressed the importance of copying the Old Masters, and of drawing from casts after the Antique and from the life model. He argued that such a training would form artists capable of creating works of high moral and artistic worth. Professorial chairs were founded in Chemistry, Anatomy, Ancient History and Ancient Literature, the latter two being held initially by [[Samuel Johnson]] and [[Oliver Goldsmith]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.royalacademy.org.uk/art-artists/name/oliver-goldsmith|title=Oliver Goldsmith|publisher=Royal Academy of Arts|access-date=25 July 2020|archive-date=25 July 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200725233354/https://www.royalacademy.org.uk/art-artists/name/oliver-goldsmith|url-status=live}}</ref>

In 1769, the first year of operation, the Schools enrolled 77 students. By 1830 more than 1,500 students had enrolled in the Schools, an average intake of 25 students each year. They included men such as [[John Flaxman]], [[J. M. W. Turner]], [[John Soane]], [[Thomas Rowlandson]], [[William Blake]], [[Thomas Lawrence (painter)|Thomas Lawrence]], [[Decimus Burton]],<ref name="ODNB Decimus Burton">{{Cite ODNB|id=4125|title=Burton, Decimus|first=Dana |last=Arnold}}</ref> [[John Constable]], [[George Hayter]], [[David Wilkie (artist)|David Wilkie]], [[William Etty]], [[Edwin Henry Landseer|Edwin Landseer]], and [[Charles Lucy]] in 1838.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.avictorian.com/Lucy_Charles.html|title=Charles Lucy (1814–1873), Victorian Art History|website=www.avictorian.com|access-date=2019-06-07|archive-date=6 June 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190606153323/http://www.avictorian.com/Lucy_Charles.html|url-status=live}}</ref> The first woman to enrol as a student of the Schools was [[Laura Herford]] in 1860,<ref>{{cite ODNB|id=69105|title=Herford, Anne Laura|year=2004|last=Yeldham|first=Charlotte}}</ref> and other female students have included [[Daisy Radcliffe Beresford]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=BERESFORD Daisy Radcliffe 1879-1939 {{!}} Artist Biographies |url=https://www.artbiogs.co.uk/1/artists/beresford-daisy-radcliffe |access-date=2025-01-14 |website=www.artbiogs.co.uk}}</ref> [[Charles Sims (painter)|Charles Sims]] was expelled from the Schools in 1895.<ref>Reynolds, Simon. "Sims, Charles Henry (1873–1928)" in ''Oxford Dictionary of National Biography'', Oxford University Press, 2004.</ref> The Royal Academy made Sir [[Francis Newbolt]] the first Honorary Professor of Law in 1928.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.royalacademy.org.uk/art-artists/name/francis-newbolt|title=Sir Francis Newbolt (1863–1940)|website=Royal Academy of Arts|access-date=16 November 2021|archive-date=16 November 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211116190420/https://www.royalacademy.org.uk/art-artists/name/francis-newbolt|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1940/12/08/archives/sir-fg-newbolt-attorney-77-dead-first-honorary-professor-of-law-of.html|title=SIR F.G. NEWBOLT, ATTORNEY, 77, DEAD;|newspaper=New York Times|date=8 December 1940|access-date=17 November 2021|archive-date=26 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211026082435/https://www.nytimes.com/1940/12/08/archives/sir-fg-newbolt-attorney-77-dead-first-honorary-professor-of-law-of.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

In 2011 [[Tracey Emin]] was appointed Professor of Drawing,<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/entertainment-arts-16175033|title=Tracey Emin to become a professor|work=BBC News |date=14 December 2011|access-date=1 August 2020|archive-date=10 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181210045138/https://www.bbc.com/news/entertainment-arts-16175033|url-status=live}}</ref> and [[Fiona Rae]] was appointed Professor of Painting – the first women professors to be appointed in the history of the Academy.<ref>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-16175033 "Tracey Emin to become Professor of Drawing at RA"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190327074739/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-16175033 |date=27 March 2019 }}"BBC News" 14 December 2011</ref> Emin was succeeded by [[Michael Landy]],<ref name=Artlyst>{{cite news|title=RA Schools Announces Annual Exhibition of Works By Graduating Artists|url=http://www.artlyst.com/articles/ra-schools-announces-annual-exhibition-of-works-by-graduating-artists|access-date=21 January 2016|work=Artlyst|date=8 June 2015|archive-date=27 January 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160127074028/http://www.artlyst.com/articles/ra-schools-announces-annual-exhibition-of-works-by-graduating-artists|url-status=live}}</ref> and then [[David Remfry]] in 2016 while Rae was succeeded by [[Chantal Joffe]] in January 2016.<ref>[https://royal-academy-production-asset.s3.amazonaws.com/uploads/68602275-89ee-43f4-9fdd-ed2c938338a8/Press+Release+-+RA+Elects+New+Member+New+Professors+and+Honorary+Surveyor.pdf Royal Academy of Arts announces election of new Royal Academician, new professors for the Royal Academy Schools and Honorary Surveyor] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220826182801/https://royal-academy-production-asset.s3.amazonaws.com/uploads/68602275-89ee-43f4-9fdd-ed2c938338a8/Press+Release+-+RA+Elects+New+Member+New+Professors+and+Honorary+Surveyor.pdf |date=26 August 2022 }} Royal Academy of Arts news release, dated 16 January 2016.</ref>