Editing Riga (section)

== Geography ==

{{See also|Neighbourhoods in Riga|List of tourist attractions in Riga}}<!--Riga is [[List of cities in the Baltic states by population|one of the most populous cities]] in the [[Baltic States]]-->
Riga is one of the [[List of cities in the Baltic states by population|largest cities]] in the three [[Baltic states]]: (Lithuania, Latvia, and Estonia).<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://app.powerbi.com/view?r=eyJrIjoiOTE2Mzk5MjEtZGU5Yi00MTU1LWFkOGEtYmQ2M2ZiM2RmYzQxIiwidCI6ImFmZjM2MzMxLTNlNWUtNDdlOC1hZjkzLTE4NTFkNmQxZmUzYiIsImMiOjh9 |title=Statistics of Vilnius; municipality of Vilnius |access-date=3 October 2022 |archive-date=30 September 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220930161658/https://app.powerbi.com/view?r=eyJrIjoiOTE2Mzk5MjEtZGU5Yi00MTU1LWFkOGEtYmQ2M2ZiM2RmYzQxIiwidCI6ImFmZjM2MzMxLTNlNWUtNDdlOC1hZjkzLTE4NTFkNmQxZmUzYiIsImMiOjh9 |url-status=live }}</ref>{{Citation needed|date=September 2023}}<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.delfi.lt/news/daily/lithuania/tai-ivyko-vilnius-tapo-didziausiu-miestu-baltijos-salyse.d?id=91151075 |title=It happened: Vilnius became the largest city in the Baltic States |access-date=4 October 2022 |archive-date=4 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221004105019/https://www.delfi.lt/news/daily/lithuania/tai-ivyko-vilnius-tapo-didziausiu-miestu-baltijos-salyse.d?id=91151075 |url-status=live }}</ref> Riga is home to approximately one tenth of the three Baltic countries' combined population.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.li.lv/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=12&Itemid=1060|title=Latvia in Brief|year=2011|publisher=Latvian Institute|access-date=5 November 2011|archive-date=26 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181226035413/http://www.li.lv/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=12&Itemid=1060|url-status=dead}}</ref>

=== Administrative divisions ===
{{Main|Administrative divisions of Riga}}
*[[Central District, Riga|Central District]] ({{cvt|3|km2|disp=or}})
*[[Kurzeme District, Riga|Kurzeme District]] ({{cvt|79|km2|disp=or}})
*[[Zemgale Suburb, Riga|Zemgale Suburb]] ({{cvt|41|km2|disp=or}})
*[[Northern District, Riga|Northern District]] ({{cvt|77|km2|disp=or}})
*[[Vidzeme Suburb, Riga|Vidzeme Suburb]] ({{cvt|57|km2|disp=or}})
*[[Latgale Suburb, Riga|Latgale Suburb]] ({{cvt|50|km2|disp=or}})

Riga's administrative divisions consist of six administrative entities: [[Central District, Riga|Central]], [[Kurzeme District, Riga|Kurzeme]] and [[Northern District, Riga|Northern]] districts and the [[Latgale Suburb, Riga|Latgale]], [[Vidzeme Suburb, Riga|Vidzeme]] and [[Zemgale Suburb, Riga|Zemgale]] suburbs. Three entities were established on 1 September 1941, and the other three were established in October 1969.<ref name="halduskultur">{{cite web |url=http://www.halduskultuur.eu/Mikk_Lohmus_and_Illar_Tonisson.pdf |title=Evolvement of Administrative Division of Tallinn, Riga and Vilnius |pages=55, 77 |author1=Mikk Lõhmus |author2=Illar Tõnisson |name-list-style=amp |publisher=[[Tallinn University of Technology]] |access-date=29 June 2010 |archive-date=20 July 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110720162708/http://www.halduskultuur.eu/Mikk_Lohmus_and_Illar_Tonisson.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> There are no official lower-level administrative units, but the Riga City Council Development Agency is working on a plan, which officially makes Riga consist of [[Neighbourhoods in Riga|58 neighbourhoods]].<ref name="rdpad">{{cite web |url=http://www.rdpad.lv/apkaimes/ |title=Apkaimju projekts |publisher=Riga City Council Development Agency |language=lv |access-date=29 June 2010 |archive-date=25 May 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100525164020/http://www.rdpad.lv/apkaimes/ |url-status=live }}</ref> The current names were confirmed on 28 December 1990.<ref name="CEROI2">{{cite web |url=http://www.ceroi.net/reports/riga/background_things/teritory.htm |title=Changes in the Administrative Division of the Territory of Riga after the Loss of Independence (1940–1991) |publisher=Riga City Environment Centre "Agenda 21" |access-date=29 June 2010 |archive-date=23 July 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110723041251/http://www.ceroi.net/reports/riga/background_things/teritory.htm }}</ref>

{{wide image|Riga Skyline Panorama, Latvia - Diliff.jpg|1200px|Panorama over Riga from [[St. Peter's Church, Riga|St. Peter's Church]]}}

=== Climate ===
The climate of Riga is [[humid continental climate|humid continental]] (Köppen ''Dfb'').<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.renewit-tool.eu/Content/File/1-Meteorological%20data.pdf|title=Hypothesis for modelling: Meteorological data|date=2015|publisher=[[European Union]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200324155542/http://www.renewit-tool.eu/Content/File/1-Meteorological%20data.pdf|archive-date=24 March 2020|access-date=24 March 2020}}</ref> The coldest months are January and February, when the average temperature is {{cvt|-2.1|C|0|lk=on}} but temperatures as low as {{cvt|-20|to|-25|C|0}} can be observed almost every year on the coldest days. The proximity of the sea causes frequent autumn rains and fogs. Continuous snow cover may last eighty days. The summers in Riga are mild and rainy with an average temperature of {{cvt|18|C|0}}, while the temperature on the hottest days can exceed {{cvt|30|C|0}}.

{{Clear}}{{Weather box
| location = Riga (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1885–present)
| metric first = Y
| single line = Y
|collapsed = 
| Jan record high C = 10.2
| Feb record high C = 13.6
| Mar record high C = 21.7
| Apr record high C = 28.0
| May record high C = 30.5
| Jun record high C = 34.0
| Jul record high C = 34.5
| Aug record high C = 33.9
| Sep record high C = 29.4
| Oct record high C = 23.4
| Nov record high C = 17.2
| Dec record high C = 11.8
| year record high C = 34.5
| Jan avg record high C = 5.9
| Feb avg record high C = 6.1
| Mar avg record high C = 12.7
| Apr avg record high C = 21.5
| May avg record high C = 26.3
| Jun avg record high C = 28.4
| Jul avg record high C = 30.1
| Aug avg record high C = 29.4
| Sep avg record high C = 23.9
| Oct avg record high C = 17.3
| Nov avg record high C = 10.9
| Dec avg record high C = 6.7
| year avg record high C = 31.4
| Jan high C = -0.1
| Feb high C = 0.3
| Mar high C = 4.8
| Apr high C = 11.9
| May high C = 17.8
| Jun high C = 21.3
| Jul high C = 23.8
| Aug high C = 22.7
| Sep high C = 17.3
| Oct high C = 10.5
| Nov high C = 4.8
| Dec high C = 1.4
| Jan mean C = -2.1
| Feb mean C = -2.0
| Mar mean C = 1.5
| Apr mean C = 7.4
| May mean C = 13.0
| Jun mean C = 16.7
| Jul mean C = 19.3
| Aug mean C = 18.3
| Sep mean C = 13.4
| Oct mean C = 7.5
| Nov mean C = 3.0
| Dec mean C = -0.3
| Jan low C = -4.5
| Feb low C = -4.6
| Mar low C = -1.7
| Apr low C = 2.9
| May low C = 8.2
| Jun low C = 12.4
| Jul low C = 14.9
| Aug low C = 14.1
| Sep low C = 9.8
| Oct low C = 4.9
| Nov low C = 1.1
| Dec low C = -2.4
| Jan avg record low C = -16.4
| Feb avg record low C = -15.8
| Mar avg record low C = -10.4
| Apr avg record low C = -3.9
| May avg record low C = 0.2
| Jun avg record low C = 5.3
| Jul avg record low C = 9.3
| Aug avg record low C = 8.0
| Sep avg record low C = 3.0
| Oct avg record low C = -2.4
| Nov avg record low C = -6.5
| Dec avg record low C = -11.4
| year avg record low C = -20.3
| Jan record low C = −33.7
| Feb record low C = −34.9
| Mar record low C = −30.3
| Apr record low C = −13.1
| May record low C = −5.5
| Jun record low C = −2.3
| Jul record low C = 4.0
| Aug record low C = 0.0
| Sep record low C = −4.1
| Oct record low C = −9.5
| Nov record low C = −20.5
| Dec record low C = −31.9
| year record low C = −34.9
| precipitation colour = green
| Jan precipitation mm = 46.5
| Feb precipitation mm = 40.1
| Mar precipitation mm = 34.1
| Apr precipitation mm = 35.0
| May precipitation mm = 47.5
| Jun precipitation mm = 65.0
| Jul precipitation mm = 79.5
| Aug precipitation mm = 77.9
| Sep precipitation mm = 67.1
| Oct precipitation mm = 75.6
| Nov precipitation mm = 56.3
| Dec precipitation mm = 50.2
| year precipitation mm = 
| Jan snow cm = 25.0
| Feb snow cm = 23.6
| Mar snow cm = 15.7
| Apr snow cm = 5.2
| May snow cm = 0.0
| Jun snow cm = 0.0
| Jul snow cm = 0.0
| Aug snow cm = 0.0
| Sep snow cm = 0.0
| Oct snow cm = 1.2
| Nov snow cm = 7.0
| Dec snow cm = 22.0
| year snow cm = 
| unit precipitation days = 1.0mm
| Jan precipitation days = 11
| Feb precipitation days = 9
| Mar precipitation days = 8
| Apr precipitation days = 7
| May precipitation days = 8
| Jun precipitation days = 10
| Jul precipitation days = 9
| Aug precipitation days = 10
| Sep precipitation days = 9
| Oct precipitation days = 12
| Nov precipitation days = 11
| Dec precipitation days = 11
| year precipitation days = 
| Jan humidity = 85.9
| Feb humidity = 82.4
| Mar humidity = 76.0
| Apr humidity = 68.2
| May humidity = 66.3
| Jun humidity = 69.1
| Jul humidity = 71.0
| Aug humidity = 73.2
| Sep humidity = 78.5
| Oct humidity = 83.1
| Nov humidity = 87.2
| Dec humidity = 87.4
| year humidity = 77.4
| Jan sun = 36.6
| Feb sun = 64.2
| Mar sun = 141.2
| Apr sun = 203.6
| May sun = 286.7
| Jun sun = 282.2
| Jul sun = 291.2
| Aug sun = 250.4
| Sep sun = 166.7
| Oct sun = 95.5
| Nov sun = 36.1
| Dec sun = 24.4
| year sun = 
| Jan uv = 0
| Feb uv = 1
| Mar uv = 2
| Apr uv = 3
| May uv = 5
| Jun uv = 6
| Jul uv = 5
| Aug uv = 5
| Sep uv = 3
| Oct uv = 1
| Nov uv = 0
| Dec uv = 0
| source 1 = [[Latvian Environment, Geology and Meteorology Centre|Latvian Environment, Geology and Meteorology Agency]] (temperature, precipitation and sunshine)<ref name = 9120average>{{cite web
| url = https://data.gov.lv/dati/dataset/klimatisko-normu-dati/resource/4ef4a2ac-b439-478a-83b3-cdd39b1eff77
| title = Klimatisko normu dati
| language = lv
| publisher = [[Latvian Environment, Geology and Meteorology Centre]]
| accessdate = March 17, 2023
| archive-date = 13 January 2023
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20230113024913/https://data.gov.lv/dati/dataset/klimatisko-normu-dati/resource/4ef4a2ac-b439-478a-83b3-cdd39b1eff77
| url-status = live
}}</ref><ref name = extremes>{{cite web
| url = https://klimats.meteo.lv/klimats/rekordi/
| title = Gaisa temperatūras rekordi
| language = lv
| publisher = [[Latvian Environment, Geology and Meteorology Centre]]
| accessdate = March 17, 2023
| archive-date = 13 January 2023
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20230113024910/https://klimats.meteo.lv/klimats/rekordi/
| url-status = live
}}</ref>
| source 2 = [[NOAA]] (precipitation days, humidity 1991–2020),<ref name=NOAA>{{cite web
|url = https://www.nodc.noaa.gov/archive/arc0216/0253808/2.2/data/0-data/Region-6-WMO-Normals-9120/Latvia/CSV/RigaLu_26422.csv
|title = Riga Climate Normals 1991–2020
|publisher = [[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration]]
|access-date = 2 February 2024
|archive-date = 31 March 2023
|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20230331000000/https://www.nodc.noaa.gov/archive/arc0216/0253808/2.2/data/0-data/Region-6-WMO-Normals-9120/Latvia/CSV/RigaLu_26422.csv
|url-status = live
}} [https://www.delfi.lv/laika-zinas/42384664/raksti/120007877/latvija-labots-menesa-siltuma-rekords#google_vignette Alt URL]</ref> Weather Atlas,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.weather-atlas.com/en/latvia/riga-climate|title=Riga, Latvia – Detailed climate information and monthly weather forecast|publisher=Yu Media Group|website=Weather Atlas|language=en|access-date=6 July 2019|archive-date=6 July 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190706140053/https://www.weather-atlas.com/en/latvia/riga-climate|url-status=live}}</ref> and World Weather Online (snowfall)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.worldweatheronline.com/riga-weather-averages/riga/lv.aspx|title=Riga Climate Weather Averages|last=d.o.o|website=Weather Weather Online|language=en|access-date=29 August 2022|archive-date=29 August 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220829210456/https://www.worldweatheronline.com/riga-weather-averages/riga/lv.aspx|url-status=live}}</ref>}}
{|style="width:100%;text-align:center;line-height:1.2em;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto" class="wikitable"
|-
!Colspan=14|Coastal temperature data for Riga ([[Daugavgrīva]])
|-
!Month
!Jan
!Feb
!Mar
!Apr
!May
!Jun
!Jul
!Aug
!Sep
!Oct
!Nov
!Dec
!style="border-left-width:medium"|Year
|-
!Average sea temperature °C (°F)
| style="{{Weather box/colt|-20.0}}"|1.0<br/>(33.80)
| style="{{Weather box/colt|-21.0}}"|0.7<br/>(33.26)
| style="{{Weather box/colt|-21.6}}"|0.5<br/>(32.90)
| style="{{Weather box/colt|-13.3}}"|3.0<br/>(37.40)
| style="{{Weather box/colt|7.0}}"|9.1<br/>(48.38)
| style="{{Weather box/colt|19.0}}"|15.5<br/>(59.90)
| style="{{Weather box/colt|25.7}}"|19.6<br/>(67.28)
| style="{{Weather box/colt|25.4}}"|19.4<br/>(66.92)
| style="{{Weather box/colt|20.3}}"|16.3<br/>(61.34)
| style="{{Weather box/colt|12.1}}"|11.3<br/>(52.34)
| style="{{Weather box/colt|1.3}}"|7.4<br/>(45.32)
| style="{{Weather box/colt|-9.0}}"|4.3<br/>(39.74)
| style="{{Weather box/colt|6.7}}"|9.0<br/>(48.21)
|-
!Colspan=14 style="background:#ffffff;font-weight:normal;font-size:100%;"|Source 1: Seatemperature.org<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://live.seatemperature.org/europe/latvia/daugavgriva.htm|title=Riga Sea Temperature|access-date=7 April 2023|archive-date=7 April 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230407033612/https://live.seatemperature.org/europe/latvia/daugavgriva.htm|url-status=live}}</ref>
|}