Editing Rhyme (section)

==History==
{{Self-contradictory|date=June 2024}}
In many languages, including modern European languages and Arabic, poets use rhyme in set patterns as a structural element for specific poetic forms, such as [[ballad]]s, [[sonnet]]s and [[couplet|rhyming couplet]]s. Some rhyming schemes have become associated with a specific language, culture or period, while other rhyming schemes have achieved use across languages, cultures or time periods. However, the use of structural rhyme is not universal even within the European tradition. Much modern poetry avoids traditional [[rhyme scheme]]s.

The earliest surviving evidence of rhyming is the Chinese [[Shi Jing]] (ca. 10th century BCE). Rhyme is also occasionally used in the [[Bible]].<ref>"[https://books.google.com/books?id=6wSWpZmmlAoC&q=rhyme&pg=PA236 Old Testament survey: the message, form, and background of the Old Testament pg. 236]"</ref> In classical Greek and Latin poetry, rhyme was only an occasional feature.<ref>{{cite book|last=Wesling|first=Donald|title=The chances of rhyme|url=https://archive.org/details/chancesofrhymede0000wesl|url-access=registration|year=1980|publisher=University of California Press|isbn=978-0-520-03861-5|pages=x–xi, 38–42}}</ref> For instance, Catullus includes partial rhymes in the poem ''[[Catullus 1|Cui dono lepidum novum libellum]]''.<ref name="prosentient">{{cite web|url=http://www.prosentient.com.au/balnaves/johnbalnaves/dissch6c.asp|title=Bernard of Morlaix - METRE AND RHYME|publisher=prosentient.com.au|access-date=2015-08-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304031628/http://www.prosentient.com.au/balnaves/johnbalnaves/dissch6c.asp|archive-date=2016-03-04|url-status=dead}}</ref> The ancient Greeks knew rhyme, and rhymes in ''[[The Wasps]]'' by [[Aristophanes]] are noted by a translator.<ref name="google">{{cite book|title=Aristophanes, 2: Wasps, Lysistrata, Frogs, The Sexual Congress|author1=Aristophanes|author2=Slavitt, D.R.|author3=Bovie, S.P.|date=1999|publisher=University of Pennsylvania Press, Incorporated|isbn=9780812216844|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WHmfT2s4mLgC&pg=PA4|page=4|access-date=2015-08-25}}</ref>

Rhyme became a permanent - even obligatory - feature of poetry in Hebrew language, around the 4th century CE. It is found in the [[piyyut|Jewish liturgical poetry]] written in the [[Byzantine empire]] era. This was realized by scholars only recently, thanks to the thousands of [[piyyut]]s that have been discovered in the [[Cairo Geniza]]. It is assumed that the principle of rhyme was transferred from Hebrew liturgical poetry to the poetry of the [[Syriac Christianity]] (written in [[Aramaic]]), and through this mediation introduced into [[Latin poetry]] and then into all other languages of [[Europe]].<ref name="ReferenceA">See: Benjamin Harshav (Hrushovski)'s article on Hebrew Prosody in the [[Encyclopedia Judaica]]</ref>

Rhyme is central to classical [[Arabic poetry]] tracing back to its pre-Islamic roots. According to some archaic sources, [[Early Irish literature|Irish literature]] introduced the rhyme to Early Medieval Europe, but that is a disputed claim.<ref>"[http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08116a.htm Article about early Irish literature by Prof. Douglas Hyde in The Catholic Encyclopedia]"</ref> In the 7th century, the Irish had brought the art of rhyming verses to a high pitch of perfection.  The [[leonine verse]] is notable for introducing rhyme into High Medieval literature in the 12th century.

Rhyme entered European poetry in the [[High Middle Ages]] under the influence of the [[Arabic language]] in [[Al Andalus]] (modern Spain).<ref>{{cite book|page=88|author=Menocal, Maria Rosa|title=The Arabic Role in Medieval Literary History|publisher=University of Pennsylvania|year=2003|isbn=0-8122-1324-6}}</ref> Arabic language poets used rhyme extensively from the first development of literary Arabic in the [[6th century in poetry|sixth century]], as in their long, rhyming [[qasida]]s.<ref name="Brill">{{cite book|editor= Sperl, Stefan|title=Qasida poetry in Islamic Asia and Africa|year=1996|publisher=Brill|isbn=978-90-04-10387-0|page=49}}</ref>

Since dialects vary and languages change over time, lines that rhyme in a given register or era may not rhyme in another, and it may not be clear how one should pronounce the words so that they rhyme. An example is this couplet from [[George Frideric Handel|Handel]]'s [[Judas Maccabaeus (Handel)|Judas Maccabaeus]]:
:Rejoice, O Judah, and in songs divine
:With cherubim and seraphim harmonious join.<ref>Kelly, Thomas Forest (2011). ''Early Music: A Very Short Introduction'', p.83. {{ISBN|978-0-19-973076-6}}.</ref>