Editing Rhineland-Palatinate (section)

==Demographics==
{{historical populations|13=1815|14=1202412|15=1835|16=1614684|17=1871|18=1832388|19=1905|20=2434505|21=1939|22=2959994|23=1950|24=3004784|25=1961|26=3417116|27=1970|28=3645437|29=1975|30=3665777|31=1980|32=3642482|33=1985|34=3615049|35=1990|36=3763510|37=1995|38=3977919|39=2001|40=4049066|41=2011|42=3989808|percentages=pagr|43=2022|44=4094169|footnote=source:<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.statistik.rlp.de/no_cache/staat-und-gesellschaft/bevoelkerung-und-gebiet/tabellen/bevoelkerungsdichte/ |title=Statistisches Landesamt Rheinland-Pfalz, Bevölkerungsdichte |date=27 December 2012 |accessdate=14 December 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121227233245/http://www.statistik.rlp.de/no_cache/staat-und-gesellschaft/bevoelkerung-und-gebiet/tabellen/bevoelkerungsdichte/ |archive-date=27 December 2012 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Germany: States and Major Cities|url=https://citypopulation.de/en/germany/cities/}}</ref>}}
{| class="wikitable floatright plainrowheaders"
|+Selected foreign resident populations <ref>{{cite journal |title=Statistisches Jahrbuch 2018 |journal=Statistisches Jahrbuch Rheinland-Pfalz |year=2018 |page=61 |url=https://www.statistik.rlp.de/fileadmin/dokumente/jahrbuch/Jahrbuch2018.pdf |publisher=Statistisches Landesamt Rheinland-Pfalz |issn=1863-9100 |access-date=20 February 2020 |archive-date=20 February 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200220091028/https://www.statistik.rlp.de/fileadmin/dokumente/jahrbuch/Jahrbuch2018.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref>
! scope=col | Nationality
! scope=col | Population (31.12.2022)
! scope=col | Population (31.12.2023)
|-
! scope=row | {{flag|Turkey}}
| 59,630 || 61,880
|-
! scope=row | {{flag|Romania}}
| 48,795 || 51,530
|-
! scope=row | {{flag|Ukraine}}
| 52,460 || 51,300
|-
! scope=row | {{flag|Syria}}
| 46,425 || 49,800
|-
! scope=row | {{flag|Poland}}
| 44,635 || 44,715
|-
! scope=row | {{flag|Italy}}
| 32,480 || 31,125
|-
! scope=row | {{flag|Bulgaria}}
| 28,310 || 28,975
|-
! scope=row | {{flag|Afghanistan}}
| 18,680 || 20,645
|-
! scope=row | {{flag|Kosovo}}
| 14,530 || 15,665
|-
! scope=row | {{flag|Croatia}}
| 16,600 || 15,645
|-
! scope=row | {{flag|Luxembourg}}
| 12,195 || 11,815
|}

===Largest cities===
{{See also|List of cities in Rhineland-Palatinate by population}}
The following table shows the ten largest cities of Rhineland-Palatinate:<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.citypopulation.de/php/germany-rheinlandpfalz.php|title=Rhineland-Palatinate (Germany): Counties, Cities and Communes – Population Statistics, Charts and Map|website=www.citypopulation.de|access-date=21 December 2018|archive-date=22 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181222082120/http://www.citypopulation.de/php/germany-rheinlandpfalz.php|url-status=live}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable sortable"
!align="center" bgcolor="#bbffbb"|Pos.
!align="center" bgcolor="#bbffbb"|Name
!align="center" bgcolor="#bbffbb"|Pop. 2017
!align="center" bgcolor="#bbffbb"|Area (km<sup>2</sup>)
!align="center" bgcolor="#bbffbb"|Pop. per km<sup>2</sup>
|- style="text-align:right;"
| style="text-align:left;"| 1 || style="text-align:left;"|[[Mainz]]|| 215,110 || 98 || 2,201
|- style="text-align:right;"
| style="text-align:left;"| 2 || style="text-align:left;"|[[Ludwigshafen am Rhein]]|| 168,497 || 77 || 2,176
|- style="text-align:right;"
| style="text-align:left;"| 3 || style="text-align:left;"|[[Koblenz]]|| 113,844 || 105 || 1,082
|- style="text-align:right;"
| style="text-align:left;"| 4 || style="text-align:left;"|[[Trier]]|| 110,013 || 117 || 940
|- style="text-align:right;"
| style="text-align:left;"| 5 || style="text-align:left;"|[[Kaiserslautern]]|| 99,684 || 140 || 714
|- style="text-align:right;"
| style="text-align:left;"| 6 || style="text-align:left;"|[[Worms, Germany|Worms]]|| 83,081 || 109 || 764
|- style="text-align:right;"
| style="text-align:left;"| 7 || style="text-align:left;"|[[Neuwied]]|| 64,661 || 87 || 748
|- style="text-align:right;"
| style="text-align:left;"| 8 || style="text-align:left;"|[[Neustadt an der Weinstraße]]|| 53,353 || 117 || 456
|- style="text-align:right;"
| style="text-align:left;"| 9 || style="text-align:left;"|[[Speyer]]|| 50,931 || 43 || 1,192
|- style="text-align:right;"
| style="text-align:left;"| 10 || style="text-align:left;"|[[Bad Kreuznach]]|| 50,484 || 56 || 909
|}

===Vital statistics===
<ref>{{cite web |title=Bevölkerung |url=https://www.statistikportal.de/de/bevoelkerung |website=Statistische Ämter des Bundes und der Länder |access-date=16 June 2018 |archive-date=17 June 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180617015609/https://www.statistikportal.de/de/bevoelkerung |url-status=live }}</ref>
*Births from January–August 2016 = {{increase}} 24,871
*Births from January–August 2017 = {{decrease}} 24,784
*Deaths from January–August 2016 = {{decreasepositive}} 30,572
*Deaths from January–August 2017 = {{increasenegative}} 32,167
*Natural growth from January–August 2016 = {{increase}} -5,701
*Natural growth from January–August 2017 = {{decrease}} -7,383

===Religion===
In 2018, 40.3% of the population of the state adhered to the [[Roman Catholic Church]] and 26.8% to the [[Protestant Church in Germany]]; 32.9% of the population was irreligious or adheres to other religions.<ref>[https://www.ekd.de/ekd_de/ds_doc/Ber_Kirchenmitglieder_2018.pdf Evangelische Kirche in Deutschland – Kirchemitgliederzahlen Stand 31. Dezember 2018] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200219200647/https://www.ekd.de/ekd_de/ds_doc/Ber_Kirchenmitglieder_2018.pdf |date=19 February 2020 }} EKD, January 2020</ref> [[Muslim]]s made up 5.0% of the total.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.sueddeutsche.de/panorama/religion-mainz-rheinland-pfalz-gespraeche-mit-islamverbaenden-dpa.urn-newsml-dpa-com-20090101-190404-99-680919 |title=Rheinland-Pfalz: Gespräche mit Islamverbänden |publisher=[[Süddeutsche Zeitung]] |date=4 April 2019 |access-date=27 August 2020 |archive-date=24 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201024094638/https://www.sueddeutsche.de/panorama/religion-mainz-rheinland-pfalz-gespraeche-mit-islamverbaenden-dpa.urn-newsml-dpa-com-20090101-190404-99-680919 |url-status=live }}</ref>
{{bar box
|title=Religion in Rhineland-Palatinate – 2018
|left1=religion
|right1=percent
|bars=
{{bar percent|[[Roman Catholicism|Roman Catholics]]|DarkOrchid|41.3|40.3%}}
{{bar percent|[[Protestant Church in Germany|EKD Protestants]]|DodgerBlue|27.8|26.8%}}
{{bar percent|[[Muslim]]s|LimeGreen|5.0|5.0%}}
{{bar percent|Jewish|Orange|1.5|0.5%}}
{{bar percent|Other or [[Irreligion|none]]|SlateGray|28.4|27.4%}}
}}

====Jewish culture====
The league of [[ShUM-cities]] in the later Rhineland-Palatinate comprised the Jewish communities of Mainz, [[Jewish community of Speyer|Speyer]], and [[Worms, Germany|Worms]], which became the center of [[History of the Jews in Germany|Jewish life]] during medieval times.<ref>{{Cite web|title=ShUM-Sites Speyer, Worms, Mainz: Jewish heritage for the world|url=https://schumstaedte.de/en/|access-date=31 January 2023|website=SchUM Städte e.V.|language=en|archive-date=11 January 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230111053327/https://schumstaedte.de/en/|url-status=live}}</ref> The ''[[Takkanot Shum]]'' ({{langx|he|תקנות שו"ם}}), or Enactments of ShU"M were a set of decrees formulated and agreed upon over a period of decades by their Jewish community leaders.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.worms.de/en/tourismus/sehenswertes/juedisches_worms/welterbeantrag-schum-staedte/|title=Application for UNESCO World Heritage "ShUM Cities" > Stadt Worms|website=www.worms.de|access-date=2 July 2017|archive-date=7 November 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171107022737/https://www.worms.de/en/tourismus/sehenswertes/juedisches_worms/welterbeantrag-schum-staedte/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Hawley|first=Charles|date=2 August 2012|title=Germany Considers Jewish History for UNESCO Heritage|language=en|work=Der Spiegel|url=https://www.spiegel.de/international/germany/german-states-nominate-jewish-sites-for-possible-unesco-inclusion-a-847700.html|access-date=31 January 2023|issn=2195-1349|archive-date=31 January 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230131191936/https://www.spiegel.de/international/germany/german-states-nominate-jewish-sites-for-possible-unesco-inclusion-a-847700.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Today, there are approximately 20,000 Jews (0.5% of the population) living in the state.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.rlp.de/fr/aktuelles/einzelansicht/news/detail/News/juedisches-leben-blueht-auf/ |title=Jüdisches Leben blüht auf |publisher=Landesregierung Rheinland-Pfalz |date=15 April 2014 |access-date=27 August 2020 |archive-date=18 May 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210518141310/https://www.rlp.de/fr/aktuelles/einzelansicht/news/detail/News/juedisches-leben-blueht-auf/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.welt.de/regionales/rheinland-pfalz-saarland/article193974409/Antisemitismusbeauftragter-Juden-sind-verunsichert.html |title=Antisemitismusbeauftragter: Juden sind verunsichert |newspaper=[[Die Welt]] |date=22 May 2019 |access-date=27 August 2020 |archive-date=3 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231003132654/https://www.welt.de/regionales/rheinland-pfalz-saarland/article193974409/Antisemitismusbeauftragter-Juden-sind-verunsichert.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
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The official web site for the city of Mainz states: {{Cquote|One of the most glorious epoches in Mainz's long history was the period from the beginning of the 900s and evidently much earlier. Following the barbaric [[Early Middle Ages|Dark Ages]], a relatively safe and enlightened [[Carolingian]] period brought peace and prosperity to Mainz and much of central–western Europe.

For the next 400 years, Mainz attracted many Jews as trade flourished. The greatest Jewish teachers and rabbis flocked to the [[Rhine]]. Their teachings, dialogues, decisions and influence propelled Mainz and neighboring towns along the Rhine into world-wide prominence. Their fame spread, rivaling that of other post-[[Diaspora]] cities such as [[Bagdhad]]. Western European—[[Ashkenazic]] or Germanic—Judaism became centered in Mainz, breaking free of the [[Babylonia]]n traditions. A [[Yeshiva]] was founded in the 10th century by [[Gershom ben Judah]].
-->

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