Editing Quadi (section)

===The Kingdom of the "Danube Suevi"===
[[File:Pannonia03 en.png|thumb|4th-century Roman Pannonia]]
By the early 5th century the Middle Danube region had come under the domination of the Huns and their allies, and Roman power was ineffective in this region. In 427 the chronicle of [[Marcellinus Comes]] says that the provinces of Pannonia, "which had been held by the Huns for fifty years, were reclaimed by the Romans". However, in 433 [[Flavius Aëtius]] effectively ceded Pannonia to Attila.{{sfn|Castritius|2005|p=197}}

Although there is no direct contemporary evidence that the Quadi continued to exist as subjects of Attila under their old name, centuries later [[Paulus Diaconus]] listed them among the subject peoples who Attila could call upon. In addition to the better-known Goths and Gepids he listed "Marcomanni, Suebi, Quadi, and alongside them the Herules, Thuringi and Rugii". Taken at face value this implies that the Quadi might for example have been present at the [[Battle of the Catalaunian Plains]] in 451, fighting for Attila. However this is a much later source, and modern scholars especially doubt whether the Marcomanni or Quadi would still have been identified under those names in 451, because more contemporary sources never mention these names anymore in this period.<ref>{{harvtxt|Kolník|2003|p=636}} citing Paulus Diaconus, ''Historia Romana'', [https://www.thelatinlibrary.com/pauldeacon/histrom14.shtml 14.2], "gentes Marcomanni, Sueui, Quadi, praeterea Eruli, Turcilingi siue Rugi"</ref>

After the death of Attila in 453 some of the smaller peoples who had lived within under his hegemony begin to appear in more records, but instead of the Marcomanni and Quadi, only Suevians appear. After the [[Battle of Nedao]] in 454, when the sons of Attila and their Ostrogothic allies were defeated, the victors were able to consolidate independent kingdoms north of the Middle Danube. The largest and longest lasting, the Gepids, was based in Dacia. To the west, north of the Danube where the Marcomanni and Quadi had been were the Rugii, Heruli, and Sciri. And on the south of that stretch of the Danube, in what used to be the northern part of Roman Pannonia Valeria, a Suevian kingdom also existed. As in the case of the Suevi in Hispania, many scholars believe that this group included Suevian peoples such as the Quadi who had previously gone by other names. [[Herwig Wolfram]] for example:{{sfn|Wolfram|1997|p=160}}
:The Marcomanni and the Quadi gave up their special names after crossing the Danube, in fact both the emigrants and the groups remaining in Pannonia became Suebi again. The Pannonian Suebi became subjects of the Huns. After the [[Battle of Nedao|battle at the Nadao]] they set up their kingdom, and when it fell, they came, successively under Herulian and Longobard rule, south of the Danube under Gothic rule, and eventually again under Longobard rule.

Writing in the 6th century, [[Jordanes]] reported a series of conflicts in the 460s between a Suevian king [[Hunimund]] and the Ostrogothic king [[Theodemir|Thiudimir]], whose people had settled within the Roman empire just to the south. In 467 or 468, Hunimund led a campaign into [[Dalmatia]]. After stealing Gothic cattle, the Suevi were attacked near [[Lake Balaton]] by Thiudimir, and Hunimund was captured. He was subsequently released from Gothic captivity after he submitted and adopted as Thiudimir's "son by arms" (''filius per arma'').{{sfn|Reimitz|2000}}{{sfn|Castritius|2005|p=198}} However, in 468 or early 469, Hunimund plotted with the Sciri and attacked the Ostrogothic king [[Valamir]]. Valamir lost his life, but the Sciri and Suevi lost the battle, and the Sciri were almost destroyed. A little later, in 469, at the [[Battle of Bolia]], Hunimund and Alaric, apparently both kings of the Suevi, called upon the Sarmatians, and the remnants of the Sciri, led by [[Edica]] and [[Hunwulf]], and also the Gepids and Rugians. However, Thiudimir and his Goths defeated these allies, confirming their position as dominant power in this region (from which they would later invade Italy under Theoderic the Great).{{sfn|Reimitz|2000}}{{sfn|Castritius|2005|p=199}} Still later during the cold winter of 469/470, Thiudimir attacked the Suevi unexpectedly by crossing the frozen Danube. The Suavi were now together in a confederation with the Alemanni, in an Alpine region with streams that flowed loudly into the Danube, [[Baiuvarii]] (early Bavarians) on the east, Franks on the west, Burgundians on the south, and Thuringians on the north. Thiudimir returned as victor to his own home in Pannonia.{{sfn|Reimitz|2000}}{{sfn|Castritius|2005|p=199}} 

It is considered likely that Hunimund and at least some of his people escaped this defeat and that he is also the person of that name who was mentioned in the biography of [[Severinus of Noricum|Saint Severinus]] of Noricum, by [[Eugippius]]. This Hunimund attacked Saint Severinus's community at [[Passau]] with "barbarians". Passau was also troubled by the Alemanni.{{sfn|Reimitz|2000}}{{sfn|Castritius|2005|p=199}} It is also likely that some of the Suevi continued to live under Gothic rule in this area. It may also be during this period that some Suevi settled south of the [[Drava]] river in a region more directly under Gothic control and known during this time as Suavia.{{sfn|Castritius|2005|p=199}}