Editing Ptolemy IV Philopator (section)

===Luxury===
[[File:Tessarakonteres.jpg|thumb|upright=1.6|Speculative illustration of the Tessarakonteres with [[catamaran|catamaran hulls]], as proposed by [[Lionel Casson]]]]
Ptolemy IV is said to have built a giant ship known as the [[tessarakonteres]] ("forty-rowed"), a huge [[galley]] and possibly the largest human-powered vessel ever built. This showpiece galley was described by [[Callixenus of Rhodes]], writing in the 3rd century BC, and quoted by [[Athenaeus]] in the 2nd century AD.<ref>Callixenus ''[[FGrH]]'' 627 F1 – Athenaeus [https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:2013.01.0003:book=5:chapter=pos=374 ''Deipnosophistae'' V 37.]</ref> Plutarch also mentions that Ptolemy Philopator owned this immense vessel in his ''Life of Demetrios''.<ref>[https://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Plutarch/Lives/Demetrius*.html#43 ''Demetrius'' 43.4–5.]</ref> According to these sources, the ship was 128 m long and required 4,000 oarsmen. The appearance and structure of this ship have been much discussed in modern scholarship. [[Lionel Casson]] proposes that it was a catamaran. It is generally agreed that the tessarakonteres served as a pleasure boat, not a military vessel.<ref name=cassea108>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sDpMh0gK2OUC&pg=PA108 |title=Ships and Seamanship in the Ancient World |author=Lionel Casson |author-link=Lionel Casson |publisher=Johns Hopkins University Press |date=1995 |pages=108–109 |isbn=0801851300}}</ref><ref name="H133"/>