Editing Post-traumatic stress disorder (section)

===== Cancer =====
Prevalence estimates of cancer‐related PTSD range between 7% and 14%,<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Abbey |first1=Gareth |last2=Thompson |first2=Simon BN |last3=Hickish |first3=Tamas |last4=Heathcote |first4=David |date=2014-05-20 |title=A meta-analysis of prevalence rates and moderating factors for cancer-related post-traumatic stress disorder. |journal=Journal of Clinical Oncology |volume=32 |issue=15_suppl |pages=e20557 |doi=10.1200/jco.2014.32.15_suppl.e20557 |issn=0732-183X|url=http://eprints.bournemouth.ac.uk/24879/9/A%20meta-analysis%20of%20prevalence%20rates%20and%20moderating%20factors%20for%20cancer-related%20post-traumatic%20stress%20disorder.pdf }}</ref> with an additional 10% to 20% of patients experiencing subsyndromal post-traumatic stress symptoms (PTSS).<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Andrykowski |first1=Michael A. |last2=Cordova |first2=Matthew J. |last3=Studts |first3=Jamie L. |last4=Miller |first4=Thomas W. |date=1998 |title=Posttraumatic stress disorder after treatment for breast cancer: Prevalence of diagnosis and use of the PTSD Checklist--Civilian Version (PCL--C) as a screening instrument. |journal=Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology |volume=66 |issue=3 |pages=586–590 |doi=10.1037/0022-006x.66.3.586 |pmid=9642900 |issn=0022-006X}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Shelby |first1=Rebecca A. |last2=Golden-Kreutz |first2=Deanna M. |last3=Andersen |first3=Barbara L. |date=2008-04-10 |title=PTSD diagnoses, subsyndromal symptoms, and comorbidities contribute to impairments for breast cancer survivors |journal=Journal of Traumatic Stress |volume=21 |issue=2 |pages=165–172 |doi=10.1002/jts.20316 |pmid=18404636 |issn=0894-9867|pmc=2435300 }}</ref> Both PTSD and PTSS have been associated with increased distress and impaired quality of life,<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Shand |first1=Lyndel K. |last2=Cowlishaw |first2=Sean |last3=Brooker |first3=Joanne E. |last4=Burney |first4=Sue |last5=Ricciardelli |first5=Lina A. |date=2014-11-12 |title=Correlates of post-traumatic stress symptoms and growth in cancer patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis |journal=Psycho-Oncology |volume=24 |issue=6 |pages=624–634 |doi=10.1002/pon.3719 |pmid=25393527 |issn=1057-9249}}</ref> and have been reported in newly diagnosed patients as well as in long‐term survivors.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Smith |first1=Sophia K. |last2=Zimmerman |first2=Sheryl |last3=Williams |first3=Christianna S. |last4=Benecha |first4=Habtamu |last5=Abernethy |first5=Amy P. |last6=Mayer |first6=Deborah K. |last7=Edwards |first7=Lloyd J. |last8=Ganz |first8=Patricia A. |date=2011-12-01 |title=Post-Traumatic Stress Symptoms in Long-Term Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma Survivors: Does Time Heal? |journal=Journal of Clinical Oncology |volume=29 |issue=34 |pages=4526–4533 |doi=10.1200/jco.2011.37.2631 |pmid=21990412 |issn=0732-183X|pmc=3236652 }}</ref>

The PTSD Field Trials for the ''Diagnostic and Statistical Manual, Fourth Edition'' ([[DSM-IV]]), revealed that 22% of cancer survivors present with lifetime cancer-related PTSD (CR-PTSD), endorsing cancer diagnosis and treatment as a traumatic stressor.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Alter |first1=Carol L. |last2=Pelcovitz |first2=David |last3=Axelrod |first3=Alan |last4=Goldenberg |first4=Barbara |last5=Harris |first5=Helene |last6=Meyers |first6=Barbara |last7=Grobois |first7=Brian |last8=Mandel |first8=Francine |last9=Septimus |first9=Aliza |last10=Kaplan |first10=Sandra |date=March–April 1996 |title=Identification of PTSD in Cancer Survivors |journal=Psychosomatics |language=en |volume=37 |issue=2 |pages=137–143 |doi=10.1016/S0033-3182(96)71580-3 |doi-access=free|pmid=8742542 }}</ref>

Therefore, as the number of people diagnosed with cancer increases and cancer survivorship improves, cancer-related PTSD becomes a more prominent issue, and thus, providing for cancer patients' physical and psychological needs becomes increasingly important.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Dimitrov |first1=Lilia |last2=Moschopoulou |first2=Elisavet |last3=Korszun |first3=Ania |date=2019-04-05 |title=Interventions for the treatment of cancer-related traumatic stress symptoms: A systematic review of the literature |journal=Psycho-Oncology |volume=28 |issue=5 |pages=970–979 |doi=10.1002/pon.5055 |pmid=30847978 |issn=1057-9249|url=https://qmro.qmul.ac.uk/xmlui/handle/123456789/58881 }}</ref>