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== References == {{Reflist}} === Bibliography === * {{Cite book |last=Becker |first=Alfons |title=Papst Urban II (1088–1099) |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PdBVAAAAYAAJ |date=1988 |publisher=A. Hiersemann |location=Stuttgart |isbn=9783777288024 |language=de}} * {{Cite journal |title=Contemporary Reports on the Mediaeval Roman Climate |first=Anna |last=Celli-Fraentzel |journal=Speculum |volume=7 |issue=1 |date=January 1932 |pages=96–106 |doi=10.2307/2848328 |jstor=2848328 |s2cid=161324202}} * Crozet, R. (1937), "Le voyage d'Urbain II et ses arrangements avec le clergé de France (1095–1096)" : ''Revue historique'', 179 (1937), 271–310. * {{Cite journal |last=Gabriele |first=Matthew |date=11 December 2012 |title=The Last Carolingian Exegete: Pope Urban II, the Weight of Tradition, and Christian Reconquest |journal=Church History |volume=81 |issue=4 |pages=796–814 |doi=10.1017/S0009640712001904 |s2cid=170734222}} * Gossman, Francis Joseph (1960), ''Pope Urban II and Canon Law'' (The Catholic University of America Canon Law Studies 403), Washington, 1960. * {{Cite book |first=Graham |last=Loud |title=The Age of Robert Guiscard: Southern Italy and the Northern Conquest |publisher=[[Routledge]] |isbn=978-0-582-04529-3 |edition=2 |date=2013}} * {{Cite book |first=Donald |last=Matthew |title=The Norman Kingdom of Sicily |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] |isbn=978-0521269117 |date=1992}} * {{Cite book |first=Robert P. |last=McBrien |title=Lives of the Popes |isbn=9780060653040 |publisher=[[HarperCollins]] |date=2000}} * {{Cite book |editor-last=Peters |editor-first=Edward |title=The First Crusade |publisher=[[University of Pennsylvania Press]] |location=Philadelphia |isbn=978-0812210170 |date=1971}} * {{Cite book |last=Rubenstein |first=Jay |title=Armies of Heaven: The First Crusade and the Quest for Apocalypse |publisher=[[Basic Books]] |date=2011 |isbn=978-0-465-01929-8}} * {{Cite book |last=Kleinhenz |first=Christopher |title=Medieval Italy: An Encyclopedia |isbn=9781135948801 |publisher=[[Routledge]] |date=2004}} * Somerville, Robert (1970), "The French Councils of Pope Urban II: Some Basic Considérations", ''Annuarium historiae conciliorum'', 2 (1970), 56–65 * {{Cite journal |last1=Somerville |first1=Robert |title=The Council of Clermont (1095), and Latin Christian Society |journal=Archivum Historiae Pontificiae |date=1974 |volume=12 |pages=55–90 |jstor=23563638}} * {{Cite book |first=Robert |last=Somerville |title=Pope Urban II's Council of Piacenza |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PI7az15h_P0C |date=2011 |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |isbn=978-0-19-925859-8 |page=10}}
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