Editing Pistachio (section)

== Nutrition ==
{{nutritional value
| name           = Pistachio nuts, raw
| kJ             = 2351
| protein        = 20.27 g
| fat            = 45.39 g
| satfat          = 5.556 g
| monofat         = 23.820 g
| polyfat         = 13.744 g
| carbs          = 27.51 g
| fiber          = 10.3 g
| sugars         = 7.66 g
| iron_mg        = 3.92
| manganese_mg = 1.2
| calcium_mg     = 105
| magnesium_mg   = 121
| phosphorus_mg  = 490
| potassium_mg   = 1025
| zinc_mg        = 2.2
| thiamin_mg     = 0.87
| riboflavin_mg  = 0.160
| niacin_mg      = 1.300
| pantothenic_mg = 0.52
| vitB6_mg       = 1.700
| folate_ug      = 51
| vitC_mg        = 5.6
| vitD_ug      = 0
| vitE_mg      = 2.3
| vitK_ug       =13.2
| lutein_ug      = 1205
| water=4 g
| source_usda    = 1
| note            = [https://fdc.nal.usda.gov/fdc-app.html#/food-details/170184/nutrients Link to USDA database entry]
}}
Raw pistachios are 4% water, 45% fat, 28% [[carbohydrate]]s, and 20% [[Protein (nutrient)|protein]] (table). In a 100-gram reference amount, pistachios provide {{convert|2351|kJ|kcal}} of [[food energy]]. They are a rich source (20% or more of the [[Daily Value]] or DV) of protein, [[dietary fiber]], several [[mineral (nutrient)|dietary minerals]], and the B vitamins [[thiamin]] (73% DV) and [[vitamin B6|vitamin B<sub>6</sub>]] (100% DV) (table). Pistachios are a moderate source (10–19% DV) of [[riboflavin]], [[pantothenic acid|vitamin B<sub>5</sub>]], [[folate]], [[vitamin E]], and [[vitamin K]] (table).

The fat profile of raw pistachios consists mainly of [[monounsaturated fats]] and [[polyunsaturated fats]], with a small amount of [[saturated fats]] (table). Saturated fatty acids include [[palmitic acid]] (10% of total) and [[stearic acid]] (2%) (table). [[Oleic acid]] is the most common monounsaturated fatty acid (52% of total fat). and [[linoleic acid]], a polyunsaturated fatty acid, is 30% of total fat. Relative to other tree nuts, pistachios have a lower amount of fat and food energy, but higher amounts of [[potassium]], vitamin K, [[Tocopherol|γ-tocopherol]], and certain [[phytochemical]]s such as [[carotenoid]]s, and [[phytosterol]]s.<ref name="Bulló2015">{{cite journal|last1=Bulló|first1=M|last2=Juanola-Falgarona|first2=M|last3=Hernández-Alonso|first3=P|last4=Salas-Salvadó|first4=J|title=Nutrition attributes and health effects of pistachio nuts|journal=The British Journal of Nutrition|date=April 2015|volume=113|issue=Supplement 2|pages=S79–93|doi=10.1017/S0007114514003250|pmid=26148925|type=Review |doi-access=free}}</ref><ref name="Dreher2012">{{cite journal|last1=Dreher|first1=ML|title=Pistachio nuts: composition and potential health benefits|journal=Nutrition Reviews|date=April 2012|volume=70|issue=4|pages=234–240|doi=10.1111/j.1753-4887.2011.00467.x|pmid=22458696|type=Review|doi-access=free}}</ref>

=== Research and health effects ===
In July 2003, the United States [[Food and Drug Administration]] approved the first qualified [[health claim]] specific to consumption of seeds (including pistachios) to lower the risk of [[heart disease]]: "[[Scientific evidence]] suggests but does not prove that eating {{convert|1.5|oz|g|1}} per day of most nuts, such as pistachios, as part of a diet low in saturated fat and cholesterol may reduce the risk of heart disease".<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.cfsan.fda.gov/~dms/qhcnuts2.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080617172958/http://www.cfsan.fda.gov/~dms/qhcnuts2.html |archive-date=17 June 2008 |title=Qualified Health Claims: Letter of Enforcement Discretion – Nuts and Coronary Heart Disease (Docket No 02P-0505) |access-date=17 June 2008 |author=Office of Nutritional Products, Labeling and Dietary Supplements |date=23 July 2003 |publisher=[[Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition]]}}</ref> Although a typical serving of pistachios supplies substantial food energy (nutrition table), their consumption in normal amounts is not associated with weight gain or [[obesity]].<ref name="Bulló2015"/>

One review found that pistachio consumption lowered [[blood pressure]] in persons without [[diabetes mellitus]].<ref name="Mohammadifard2015">{{cite journal|last1=Mohammadifard|first1=N|last2=Salehi-Abargouei|first2=A|last3=Salas-Salvadó|first3=J|last4=Guasch-Ferré|first4=M|last5=Humphries|first5=K|last6=Sarrafzadegan|first6=N|title=The effect of tree nut, peanut, and soy nut consumption on blood pressure: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled clinical trials|journal=The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition|date=May 2015|volume=101|issue=5|pages=966–982|doi=10.3945/ajcn.114.091595|pmid=25809855|type=Systematic Review & Meta-Analysis|doi-access=free}}</ref> A 2021 review found that pistachio consumption for three months or less significantly reduced [[triglyceride]] levels.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Muley |first1=Arti |title=Effect of tree nuts on glycemic outcomes in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a systematic review |journal=JBI Evidence Synthesis |date=2021 |volume=19 |issue=5 |pages=966–1002 |doi=10.11124/JBISRIR-D-19-00397 |pmid=33141798|s2cid=226250006 }}</ref>